Reliability and Accuracy of Linear Position Transducers During the Bench Press and Back Squat: Implications for Velocity-Based Training

Montoro-Bombú, Raynier; Costa, Armando; Sousa, Paulo Malico; Pinheiro, Valter; Forte, Pedro; Monteiro, Luis; Ribeiro, Alex S.; Rama, Luis

http://hdl.handle.net/10198/34785

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Authors

Montoro-Bombú, Raynier

Abstract(s)

Selecting the right linear position transducer (LPT) for velocity-based training monitoring sometimes presents uncertainties for coaches. Objectives: This study rigorously examined the test-retest reliability of three LPT–Cs using a simultaneous triangulation method of the same device during bench press (BP) and back squat (SQ) exercises performed on a Smith machine. Methods: Forty university students—13 females (23 ± 2 years) and 27 males (31.5 ± 6 years)—voluntarily participated in a randomized repeated-measures study. LPTs were randomly assigned numbers and placed at 5 cm apart to measure and collect bar displacement (∆S), mean propulsive velocity (MPV), peak velocity (PV), and time to peak velocity (T–PV). Each volunteer performed three BP and SQ attempts with pre-standardized loads (males: BP ≥ 40 kg and SQ ≥ 60 kg; females: BP ≥ 25 kg and SQ ≥ 40 kg). Results: The main findings of this study support a high degree of reliability for LPTs. For all variables, the absolute reliability presented significant values (p ≤ 0.05), with an intraclass correlation coefficient ≥ 0.995, a 95% confidence interval between 0.992–0.999, a coefficient of variation ≤ 10%, and a standard error of the mean ≤ 0.031. Conclusions: Scientists and coaches can use the LPT device as a reliable tool for monitoring velocity-based training by providing rigorous measurements of ∆S, MPV, PV, and T–PV during BP and SQ exercises. In addition, the smallest real difference reported may be useful in identifying minimal changes in ∆S within a single set (BP = 0.10 cm; SQ = 0.13 cm).

Keywords

Biomechanics Velocity-based training Force Monitoring training and testing Strength Performance

URI

http://hdl.handle.net/10198/34785

Citation

Montoro-Bombú, Raynier; Costa, Armando; Sousa, Paulo Malico; Pinheiro, Valter; Forte, Pedro; Monteiro, Luis; Ribeiro, Alex S.; Rama, Luis (2025). Reliability and Accuracy of Linear Position Transducers During the Bench Press and Back Squat: Implications for Velocity-Based Training. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. ISSN 2411-5142. 10:2, p. 1-14