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Efeito de substratos agrícolas, métodos de rega e hormonas vegetais no enraizamento de estacas caulinares de oliveira (Olea europaea L.) e loureiro-cerejo (Prunus laurocerasus L.)
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O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes substratos agrícolas, métodos de rega e hormonas vegetais no enraizamento de estacas caulinares de oliveira (Olea europaea L.) e loureiro-cerejo (Prunus laurocerasus L.). Para o efeito, foram conduzidos quatro ensaios independentes. Nos ensaios 1 e 2, avaliou-se a influência de três substratos agrícolas (perlite, areia e Areia+terriço) associados a dois métodos de rega (manual e nebulização) em oliveira e loureiro, respetivamente. Nos ensaios 3 e 4, analisou-se o efeito dos substratos e da aplicação de hormonas vegetais (auxina sintética, extrato de aloé vera (Aloe vera L.) e ausência de hormona ou testemunha) nas mesmas espécies. Os resultados evidenciaram diferenças significativas entre as espécies estudadas. A oliveira apresentou elevada sobrevivência, maior percentagem de brotação e melhor desenvolvimento radicular, demonstrando maior adaptação às condições experimentais. Em contrapartida, o loureiro apresentou elevada mortalidade, reduzida brotação e limitado desenvolvimento radicular, revelando maior sensibilidade aos tratamentos aplicados. No ensaio 1, verificou-se efeito significativo dos substratos e métodos de rega em vários parâmetros da oliveira. A nebulização destacou-se como o método mais eficiente, promovendo maior brotação e menor mortalidade.
Observou-se ainda interação significativa entre substrato e rega, sobretudo na mistura areia+terriço, que apresentou elevada brotação sob nebulização e baixa viabilidade sob rega manual. A areia apresentou comportamento mais estável entre os regimes hídricos, refletindo melhor drenagem e menor sensibilidade à saturação. Relativamente ao crescimento vegetativo, a mistura areia+terriço favoreceu o alongamento dos brotos, enquanto a perlite se destacou no desenvolvimento radicular devido ao elevado arejamento. No loureiro, apesar de algumas diferenças significativas entre tratamentos, os resultados indicaram limitações fisiológicas da espécie nas condições avaliadas. De forma geral, a rega manual apresentou melhores resultados relativamente à nebulização. Nos ensaios 3 e 4, os substratos influenciaram significativamente o desenvolvimento das estacas, sobretudo na oliveira. A perlite favoreceu principalmente o desenvolvimento radicular, enquanto a mistura areia+terriço promoveu maior crescimento vegetativo. Relativamente às hormonas vegetais, a auxina sintética promoveu melhorias significativas no enraizamento e na biomassa vegetal, confirmando o seu papel na indução da rizogénese. O extrato de aloé vera apresentou efeitos positivos na brotação, crescimento vegetativo e desenvolvimento radicular, demonstrando potencial como alternativa natural às hormonas sintéticas. No loureiro, os tratamentos hormonais apresentaram resposta menos notória, reforçando a maior dificuldade da espécie em responder à propagação por estacas nas condições testadas. De forma geral, os resultados confirmam que o sucesso do enraizamento depende da interação entre fatores físicos, ambientais, hormonais e genéticos.
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different agricultural substrates, irrigation methods, and plant hormones on the rooting of stem cuttings of olive tree (Olea europaea L.) and ornamental cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.). For this purpose, four independente experiments were conducted. In experiments 1 and 2, the influence of three agricultural substrates (perlite, sand, and sand + forest duff) and two irrigation methods (manual irrigation and misting) was evaluated, in olive and cherry laurel, respectively. In experiments 3 and 4, the effect of the substrates and the application of plant hormones [synthetic auxin, aloe vera (Aloe vera L.) extract, and absence of hormone/control] was analyzed in the same species. The results revealed significant differences between the studied species. The olive tree showed high survival, greater sprouting percentage, and better root development, demonstrating greater adaptation to the experimental conditions. In contrast, the cherry laurel showed high mortality, reduced sprouting, and limited root development, revealing greater sensitivity to the applied treatments. In experiment 1, significant effects of substrates and irrigation methods were observed on several olive tree parameters. Misting proved to be the most efficient method, promoting greater sprouting and lower mortality. A significant interaction between substrate and irrigation was also observed, especially in the sand + forest duff, which showed high sprouting under misting and low viability under manual irrigation. Sand showed more stable behavior under different water regimes, reflecting better drainage and lower sensitivity to saturation. Regarding vegetative growth, the sand + forest duff favored shoot elongation, while perlite stood out for root development due to its high aeration capacity. In cherry laurel, despite some significant differences among treatments, the results indicated physiological limitations of the species under the evaluated conditions. In general, manual irrigation produced better results than misting. In experiments 3 and 4, the substrates significantly influenced cutting development, particularly in the olive tree. Perlite mainly favored root development, whereas the sand + forest duff promoted greater vegetative growth. Regarding plant hormones, synthetic auxin significantly improved rooting and plant biomass, confirming its role in rhizogenesis induction. Aloe vera extract showed positive effects on sprouting, vegetative growth, and root development, demonstrating potential as a natural alternative to synthetic hormones. In cherry laurel, hormonal treatments produced less pronounced responses, reinforcing the greater difficulty of this species in responding to propagation by cuttings under the tested conditions. Overall, the results confirm that rooting success depends on the interaction between physical, environmental, hormonal, and genetic factors.
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different agricultural substrates, irrigation methods, and plant hormones on the rooting of stem cuttings of olive tree (Olea europaea L.) and ornamental cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.). For this purpose, four independente experiments were conducted. In experiments 1 and 2, the influence of three agricultural substrates (perlite, sand, and sand + forest duff) and two irrigation methods (manual irrigation and misting) was evaluated, in olive and cherry laurel, respectively. In experiments 3 and 4, the effect of the substrates and the application of plant hormones [synthetic auxin, aloe vera (Aloe vera L.) extract, and absence of hormone/control] was analyzed in the same species. The results revealed significant differences between the studied species. The olive tree showed high survival, greater sprouting percentage, and better root development, demonstrating greater adaptation to the experimental conditions. In contrast, the cherry laurel showed high mortality, reduced sprouting, and limited root development, revealing greater sensitivity to the applied treatments. In experiment 1, significant effects of substrates and irrigation methods were observed on several olive tree parameters. Misting proved to be the most efficient method, promoting greater sprouting and lower mortality. A significant interaction between substrate and irrigation was also observed, especially in the sand + forest duff, which showed high sprouting under misting and low viability under manual irrigation. Sand showed more stable behavior under different water regimes, reflecting better drainage and lower sensitivity to saturation. Regarding vegetative growth, the sand + forest duff favored shoot elongation, while perlite stood out for root development due to its high aeration capacity. In cherry laurel, despite some significant differences among treatments, the results indicated physiological limitations of the species under the evaluated conditions. In general, manual irrigation produced better results than misting. In experiments 3 and 4, the substrates significantly influenced cutting development, particularly in the olive tree. Perlite mainly favored root development, whereas the sand + forest duff promoted greater vegetative growth. Regarding plant hormones, synthetic auxin significantly improved rooting and plant biomass, confirming its role in rhizogenesis induction. Aloe vera extract showed positive effects on sprouting, vegetative growth, and root development, demonstrating potential as a natural alternative to synthetic hormones. In cherry laurel, hormonal treatments produced less pronounced responses, reinforcing the greater difficulty of this species in responding to propagation by cuttings under the tested conditions. Overall, the results confirm that rooting success depends on the interaction between physical, environmental, hormonal, and genetic factors.
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Palavras-chave
Propagação vegetativa Estacas caulinares Rizogénese Substratos agrícolas Nebulização Auxinas Aloé vera Oliveira Loureiro ornamental