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Descentralização: as vantagens e os desafios para a câmara municipal de Bissau na Guiné-Bissau
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Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação analisa as vantagens e os desafios associados ao processo de descentralização na Guiné-Bissau, com destaque para a Câmara Municipal de Bissau (CMB). Trata-se de um processo que inclui a transferência de competências, recursos e responsabilidades do governo central para entidades locais. É, portanto, considerada como um instrumento estratégico no sentido da promoção da eficiência e eficácia da administração pública, no reforço da democracia participativa e no desenvolvimento local. Partindo da questão de investigação: “Quais são as vantagens e os desafios associados ao processo de descentralização para a Câmara Municipal de Bissau, na Guiné-Bissau, e como esse processo pode ajudar a promover a eficiência e a governança local?”, desagregou-se a mesma nos Objetivos Específicos: identificar as principais reformas descentralizadoras no país; analisar a perceção da população e de funcionários públicos sobre a importância da descentralização; analisar a perceção da população e de funcionários públicos relativamente à descentralização na governança local; e identificar os principais benefícios e desafios associados ao processo descentralizador. O estudo recorre a uma abordagem metodológica mista, que combina num primeiro momento a revisão documental e bibliográfica, com um segundo momento no qual é aplicado um inquérito por questionário dirigido a cidadãos e funcionários públicos. Os resultados obtidos revelam uma perceção amplamente positiva quanto ao potencial da descentralização para melhorar a prestação de serviços públicos, aumentar a participação cidadã e reduzir desigualdades regionais. Identificam-se como desafios a instabilidade política, a escassez de recursos financeiros e humanos, a ausência de um quadro jurídico eficaz e a fragilidade institucional das autarquias locais. Conclui-se que embora a descentralização seja uma oportunidade para tornar a governação mais próxima das populações, a sua concretização exige um compromisso político claro, investimentos em capacitação técnica e o fortalecimento dos mecanismos de transparência e responsabilização. Assim, defende-se que a descentralização, se implementada de forma gradual, coordenada e equitativa, poderá constituir um pilar essencial para a reforma do Estado e a consolidação da democracia local na Guiné-Bissau.
This dissertation analyses the advantages and challenges associated with the decentralisation process in Guinea-Bissau, with a focus on the Bissau Municipal Council (CMB). This is a process that includes the transfer of competences, resources and responsibilities from the central government to local entities. It is therefore considered a strategic instrument for promoting efficiency and effectiveness in public administration, strengthening participatory democracy and local development. Based on the research question: ‘What are the advantages and challenges associated with the decentralisation process for Bissau City Council in Guinea-Bissau, and how can this process help to promote efficiency and local governance?’, it was broken down into the following Specific Objectives: to identify the main decentralisation reforms in the country; to analyse the perception of the population and civil servants about the importance of decentralisation; to analyse the perception of the population and civil servants about decentralisation in local governance; and to identify the main benefits and challenges associated with the decentralisation process. The study uses a mixed methodological approach, combining a documentary and bibliographical review with a questionnaire survey of citizens and civil servants. The results show a broadly positive perception of the potential of decentralisation to improve the provision of public services, increase citizen participation and reduce regional inequalities. The challenges identified were political instability, a lack of financial and human resources, the absence of an effective legal framework and the institutional fragility of local authorities. The conclusion is that although decentralisation is an opportunity to bring governance closer to the people, its implementation requires a clear political commitment, investment in technical training and the strengthening of transparency and accountability mechanisms. It is therefore argued that decentralisation, if implemented gradually, in a coordinated and equitable manner, could be an essential pillar for reforming the state and consolidating local democracy in Guinea-Bissau.
This dissertation analyses the advantages and challenges associated with the decentralisation process in Guinea-Bissau, with a focus on the Bissau Municipal Council (CMB). This is a process that includes the transfer of competences, resources and responsibilities from the central government to local entities. It is therefore considered a strategic instrument for promoting efficiency and effectiveness in public administration, strengthening participatory democracy and local development. Based on the research question: ‘What are the advantages and challenges associated with the decentralisation process for Bissau City Council in Guinea-Bissau, and how can this process help to promote efficiency and local governance?’, it was broken down into the following Specific Objectives: to identify the main decentralisation reforms in the country; to analyse the perception of the population and civil servants about the importance of decentralisation; to analyse the perception of the population and civil servants about decentralisation in local governance; and to identify the main benefits and challenges associated with the decentralisation process. The study uses a mixed methodological approach, combining a documentary and bibliographical review with a questionnaire survey of citizens and civil servants. The results show a broadly positive perception of the potential of decentralisation to improve the provision of public services, increase citizen participation and reduce regional inequalities. The challenges identified were political instability, a lack of financial and human resources, the absence of an effective legal framework and the institutional fragility of local authorities. The conclusion is that although decentralisation is an opportunity to bring governance closer to the people, its implementation requires a clear political commitment, investment in technical training and the strengthening of transparency and accountability mechanisms. It is therefore argued that decentralisation, if implemented gradually, in a coordinated and equitable manner, could be an essential pillar for reforming the state and consolidating local democracy in Guinea-Bissau.
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Keywords
Descentralização Guiné-Bissau Câmara Municipal de Bissau Eficiência Desenvolvimento