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Abstract(s)
O castanheiro europeu (Castanea sativa Mill.) é uma espécie da família Fagaceae que
está vastamente distribuída na Terra Fria Transmontana. Portugal está entre os 10 maiores
produtores mundiais do fruto, ocupando a sétima posição com 42 180 toneladas no ano
de 2020. Atualmente a espécie vêm apresentando diversos problemas fitossanitários que
estão comprometendo sua produtividade, deixando os produtores com maiores cuidados
na condução, buscando também a uma fertilização adequada que atenda a demanda das
plantas, adotando fertilizantes de síntese industrial mais elaborados. O presente estudo
visa avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de fertilizantes de liberação lenta e controlada de
nutrientes no solo em comparação com uma modalidade testemunha não fertilizada.
Foram selecionadas 20 árvores com tamanho de copa equivalente, sorteadas em cinco
grupos (tratamentos) com quatro árvores individuais (repetições) por grupo, em
delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado. Os tratamentos consistiam nos
fertilizantes BoskGrow 20:05:20 (duração 3 meses), Exactyon 18:05:13_3m (duração 3
meses), Exactyon 18:05:12_6m (duração 6 meses) e Humix 12:03:05 (com componente
orgânica) e Testemunha. Aplicaram-se 4 kg de fertilizante por árvore anualmente (2019,
2020, 2021). Amostras de folhas e frutos foram colhidas todos os anos e amostras de solos
foram colhidas no primeiro (geral) e último (por tratamento) anos. Quando não fertilizado
o castanheiro apresentou concentrações baixas de nutrientes nas folhas e nos frutos. O
fertilizante BoskGrow 20:05:20 assegurou boa produtividade acumulada e originou
maiores concentrações de nitrogênio e potássio nas folhas. O tratamento com o fertilizante
Exactyon 18:05:13_3m, foi o que deu origem a maior acúmulo de nitratos no solo. O
fertilizante Exactyon 18:05:12_6m aparentemente disponibilizou menos nitrogênio para
as plantas, tendo originado uma produtividade acumulada equivalente à testemunha. O
fertilizante orgânico Humix 12:03:05 assegurou produtividade equivalente a BoskGrow
20:05:20 e Exactyon 18:05:13_3m embora com menores concentrações de nitrogênio nas
folhas e níveis de nitrogênio biodisponível no solo.
European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) is a species of the Fagaceae family that is widely distributed in the Terra Fria Transmontana, Northeast Portugal. Portugal is among the 10 largest producers of the fruit in the world, occupying the seventh position with 42,180 t in 2020. Currently, the species has been presenting several phytosanitary problems that are compromising its productivity, leading producers to take greater care in crop management, seeking also for an adequate fertilization that meets the demand of the plants and resorting to more elaborate industrial synthesis fertilizers. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of applying slow- and controlled-release fertilizers in comparison with an unfertilized control. Twenty trees with equivalent crown size were selected, randomly assigned to five groups (treatments) with four individual trees (replications) per group, in a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of the fertilizers BoskGrow 20:05:20 (duration 3 months), Exactyon 18:05:13_3m (duration 3 months), Exactyon 18:05:12_6m (duration 6 months) and Humix 12:03:05 (with organic component) and control. The rate of fertilizers was 4 kg per tree and year (2019, 2020, 2021). Leaf and fruit samples were taken every year and soil samples were taken in the first (general) and last (per treatment) years. In the control treatment, the chestnut tree presented low leaf and fruit nutrient concentrations. The BoskGrow 20:05:20 fertilizer ensured good accumulated productivity and resulted in higher concentrations of nitrogen and potassium in the leaves. The treatment with Exactyon 18:05:13_3m fertilizer gave the greatest accumulation of nitrates in the soil. The Exactyon 18:05:12_6m fertilizer apparently made less nitrogen available to the plants, resulting in an accumulated productivity equivalent to the control. Organic fertilizer Humix 12:03:05 ensured yields equivalent to BoskGrow 20:05:20 and Exactyon 18:05:13_3m although with lower leaf nitrogen concentrations and low levels of soil nitrogen bioavailability.
European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) is a species of the Fagaceae family that is widely distributed in the Terra Fria Transmontana, Northeast Portugal. Portugal is among the 10 largest producers of the fruit in the world, occupying the seventh position with 42,180 t in 2020. Currently, the species has been presenting several phytosanitary problems that are compromising its productivity, leading producers to take greater care in crop management, seeking also for an adequate fertilization that meets the demand of the plants and resorting to more elaborate industrial synthesis fertilizers. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of applying slow- and controlled-release fertilizers in comparison with an unfertilized control. Twenty trees with equivalent crown size were selected, randomly assigned to five groups (treatments) with four individual trees (replications) per group, in a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of the fertilizers BoskGrow 20:05:20 (duration 3 months), Exactyon 18:05:13_3m (duration 3 months), Exactyon 18:05:12_6m (duration 6 months) and Humix 12:03:05 (with organic component) and control. The rate of fertilizers was 4 kg per tree and year (2019, 2020, 2021). Leaf and fruit samples were taken every year and soil samples were taken in the first (general) and last (per treatment) years. In the control treatment, the chestnut tree presented low leaf and fruit nutrient concentrations. The BoskGrow 20:05:20 fertilizer ensured good accumulated productivity and resulted in higher concentrations of nitrogen and potassium in the leaves. The treatment with Exactyon 18:05:13_3m fertilizer gave the greatest accumulation of nitrates in the soil. The Exactyon 18:05:12_6m fertilizer apparently made less nitrogen available to the plants, resulting in an accumulated productivity equivalent to the control. Organic fertilizer Humix 12:03:05 ensured yields equivalent to BoskGrow 20:05:20 and Exactyon 18:05:13_3m although with lower leaf nitrogen concentrations and low levels of soil nitrogen bioavailability.
Description
Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a UTFPR - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
Keywords
Fertilizantes de liberação lenta Fertilizantes de liberação controlada Fertilizante orgânico Fertilidade do solo