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Abstract(s)
O presente trabalho tem por foco apresentar um estado de arte sobre a classificação geológica e geomecânica de maciços rochosos. Nesse sentido, serão expostos diferentes métodos que permitem caracterizar e classificar os maciços na pesquisa apresentada. Os métodos são: sistemas Rock Mass Rating (RMR), sistema Q e o sistema Geological Strength Index (GSI). A presente pesquisa também visa explanar os ensaios de uso concomitantes, os quais permitem a caracterização mecânica do maciço rochoso de uma visão distinta das anteriores. Apresentar-se alguns estudos realizados e descritos na bibliografia da especialidade. De entre os principais ensaios transpostos aqui para caracterização mecânica de maciços rochosos são apresentados o ensaio do Esclerómetro e o ensaio de Point Load Test. Estes equipamentos de ensaio foram recentemente adquiridos pela Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão de Bragança com a finalidade de dar auxilio na caracterização dos maciços rochosos em relatórios geotécnicos solicitados ao laboratório de geotécnica por parte de prestação de serviços ao exterior. O ensaio do Esclerómetro trata de um ensaio não destrutivo do material a ser analisado, é um ensaio executado “in situ”, fácil e rápida execução, os resultados obtidos a partir do ensaio pode ser correlacionado com métodos empíricos para obter as propriedades mecânicas do maciço. O Point Load Test da qual sua execução se baseia em amostras do maciço ensaiada em laboratório e permite também a caracterização do maciço rochoso. Para estes dois tipos de ensaio serão apresentados os principais procedimentos de ensaio descritos nas normas de ensaio. Serão referidos exemplos de estudos anteriores da utilização destes ensaios na classificação e caracterização dos maciços rochosos. O objetivo da classificação de maciços rochosos é sempre sua utilização em aplicações prática, esse trabalho fornece ajuda para avaliar um maciço rochoso, quanto a condições geológicas. No decorrer do trabalho nota-se a importância das descontinuidades e como elas interferem na análise de classificação e caracterização. As vantagens da realização de ensaios para verificar a resistência à compressão uniaxial “in situ” ou em laboratório serão abordas. O ensaio do Esclerómetro é mais rápido quando comparado com o Point Load Test, pois são ensaios não destrutivos e realizado no próprio maciço rochoso. O Point Load Test é um ensaio mais demorado, é necessário a extração das amostras e trata-se de um ensaio destrutivo. Apesar de suas diferenças notou-se eficácia em ambos os aparelhos.
The present work focuses on presenting a state of the art on the geological and geomechanical classification of rocky massifs. In this sense, different methods will be exposed that allow characterizing and classifying the mass in the research presented. The methods are: Rock Mass Rating (RMR), Q system and geological strength index (GSI) system. This research also aims to explain the concomitant use tests, which allow the mechanical characterization of the rocky massif from a different view from the previous ones. To present some studies conducted and described in the bibliography of the specialty. Among the main tests transposed here for mechanical characterization of rock massifs are presented the sclemeter test and the Point Load Test test. These test equipment was recently acquired by the Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão de Bragança in order to assist in the characterization of rock massifs in geotechnical reports requested from the geotechnical laboratory by the provision of services abroad. The Sclemeter test deals with a non-destructive test of the material to be analyzed, it is an in situ test, easy and quick execution, the results obtained from the assay can be correlated with empirical methods to obtain the mechanical properties of the massif. The Point Load Test from which its execution is based on samples of the massif tested in the laboratory and also allows the characterization of the rocky massif. For these two types of test, the main test procedures described in the test standards will be presented. Examples of previous studies of the use of these assays in the classification and characterization of rock massifs will be mentioned. The objective of the classification of rocky massifs is always their use in practical applications, this work provides help to evaluate a rocky massif, as to geological conditions. In the course of the work, the importance of discontinuities and how they interfere in the analysis of classification and characterization are noted. The advantages of performing tests to verify uniaxial compression resistance "in situ" or in the laboratory will be addressed. The Sclemeter test is faster when compared to the Point Load Test, as they are non-destructive tests and performed on the rock massif itself. The Point Load Test is a more time-consuming test, samples are needed and it is a destructive test. Despite their differences, efficacy was noted in both devices.
The present work focuses on presenting a state of the art on the geological and geomechanical classification of rocky massifs. In this sense, different methods will be exposed that allow characterizing and classifying the mass in the research presented. The methods are: Rock Mass Rating (RMR), Q system and geological strength index (GSI) system. This research also aims to explain the concomitant use tests, which allow the mechanical characterization of the rocky massif from a different view from the previous ones. To present some studies conducted and described in the bibliography of the specialty. Among the main tests transposed here for mechanical characterization of rock massifs are presented the sclemeter test and the Point Load Test test. These test equipment was recently acquired by the Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão de Bragança in order to assist in the characterization of rock massifs in geotechnical reports requested from the geotechnical laboratory by the provision of services abroad. The Sclemeter test deals with a non-destructive test of the material to be analyzed, it is an in situ test, easy and quick execution, the results obtained from the assay can be correlated with empirical methods to obtain the mechanical properties of the massif. The Point Load Test from which its execution is based on samples of the massif tested in the laboratory and also allows the characterization of the rocky massif. For these two types of test, the main test procedures described in the test standards will be presented. Examples of previous studies of the use of these assays in the classification and characterization of rock massifs will be mentioned. The objective of the classification of rocky massifs is always their use in practical applications, this work provides help to evaluate a rocky massif, as to geological conditions. In the course of the work, the importance of discontinuities and how they interfere in the analysis of classification and characterization are noted. The advantages of performing tests to verify uniaxial compression resistance "in situ" or in the laboratory will be addressed. The Sclemeter test is faster when compared to the Point Load Test, as they are non-destructive tests and performed on the rock massif itself. The Point Load Test is a more time-consuming test, samples are needed and it is a destructive test. Despite their differences, efficacy was noted in both devices.
Description
Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a Associação Educativa Evangélica - UniEvangélica
Keywords
Maciços rochosos Sistemas rock mass tating (RMR) Sistema Q Sistema geological strength (GSI)