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Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A segurança contra incêndio é um assunto de grande relevância no setor da construção, a qual deve-se aplicar desde o projeto até a manutenção da vida útil das obras. Para conciliar um bom desempenho ao fogo, ou seja, menor contribuição ao sinistro, e um bom comportamento sustentável, o estudo sobre a reação ao fogo da madeira e seus painéis derivados tem ampliado, assim como o de tintas e vernizes ignífugas para esses materiais. Entretanto, ainda é preciso conhecer a durabilidade da reação ao fogo da madeira e painéis derivados de madeira, com ou sem retardantes.
Em decorrência disso, este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a durabilidade da reação ao fogo da Madeira Laminada Colada (Glulam) e Madeira Laminada Colada Cruzada (CLT), como representantes de madeira sólida, e do painel de Oriented Strand Board (OSB), como exemplo de painéis derivados de madeira, aplicados em ambientes internos. Também tem por objetivo avaliar a reação ao fogo dos mesmos materiais com o tratamento de um verniz ignífugo.
Para análise da durabilidade, foi realizado o Envelhecimento Artificial das amostras, o qual foi adotado a partir de modelos estatísticos do Design of Experiments, com o Método Fracionado Fatorial, onde definiu-se como base três fatores de degradação da madeira: temperatura, umidade relativa e tempo. Para cada fator foram definidos três níveis de atuação, 21,1 [°C], 32,2 [°C] e 87,8 [°C] para temperatura, 20%, 50% e 90% de umidade relativa e 7, 14 e 21 dias de exposição. A partir do método fracionado fatorial, chegou-se a nove combinações entre os fatores e níveis, das quais foram executadas três. Para correlacionar a umidade relativa do ar com o teor de umidade do material, a priori foi realizado o teste de secagem de acordo com a norma EN 322/1993. Em paralelo, três amostras de cada material foram aplicadas 1 [mm] de espessura de verniz ignífugo. Por fim, nas amostras envelhecidas e nas amostras com retardante foram realizados o Teste de Calorímetro de Cone, de acordo com a ISO 5660, para avaliar sua reação ao fogo. Para comparação, amostras não envelhecidas e sem retardantes também foram submetidas ao mesmo teste. Os parâmetros de reação ao fogo analisados foram Taxa de Libertação de Calor (HRR), Calor Total Libertado (THR), Perda de Massa (ML) e Tempo de Ignição (Ti) das amostras.
Pode-se então concluir que, o comportamento ao fogo da madeira Glulam com retardante teve maior HRR, e menor THR em relação ao material sem o tratamento. Em seguida o CLT com retardante apresentou, em geral, maior pico de HRR, porém menor THR. E o OSB com retardante, em geral, demonstrou um comportamento similar ao OSB sem retardante. No caso dos materiais com Envelhecimento Acelerado, em geral, apresentaram menor HRR e THR em relação as amostras sem envelhecimento, com exceção do OSB que teve um acréscimo no HRR das amostras envelhecidas.
The fire safety verification is a matter of great relevance in building construction witch must be applied since the project during construction lifetime. For combine a good fire performance that is, less contribution to the fire accident and good sustainable behavior, the knowledge about wood and wood panels’ reaction to fire has been increased as well as paints and flame retardant for these materials. However, it is still necessary to know the durability of the wood fire reaction and its wood panels, with or without retarders. This research aims to analyze the durability of Glued Laminated Timber (Glulam) and Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) to fire reaction to represent solid timber, and Oriented Strand Board (OSB) as wood panels. It also aims to evaluate the fire reaction of the same materials with flame retardant treatment. For durability analysis was done Accelerated Weathering to the samples, which was adopted from statistical models of the Design of Experiments, with the Fractional Factor Method, where three factors of wood degradation were defined: temperature, relative humidity and time. For each parameter was defined three different levels, 21,1 [°C], 32,2 [°C] e 87,8 [°C] to temperature, 20%, 50% e 90% to relative humidity and 7, 14 e 21 exposition days. From the Fractional Factor Method there were nine combinations between the factors and levels, of which three were executed. To correlate the relative humidity of the air with moisture content, was conducted to drying test according to EN 322/1993. In addition, in three samples of each material were applied 1 [mm] thickness of flame retardant. Finally, the aged samples and the samples with flame retardant were tested in the Calorimeter Cone following ISO 5660 to examine the fire reaction. To compare, samples without ageing process and flame retardant were submitted to the same test. The fire reaction parameters analyzed were Heat Release Rate, Total Heat Released, Mass Loss and Ignition Time of the samples. It can be concluded that, in general, the fire behavior of Glulam wood with retardant had higher HRR, and lower THR in relation to the material without the treatment. Then, the CLT samples with flame retardant presented, in general, higher peak HRR, but lower THR. And the OSB samples with flame retardant, in overall, showed a similar behavior to the OSB without retardant. In the case of materials with Accelerated Aging, in general, presented lower HRR and THR in relation to the samples without aging, with the exception of the OSB that had an increase in the HRR of the aged samples.
The fire safety verification is a matter of great relevance in building construction witch must be applied since the project during construction lifetime. For combine a good fire performance that is, less contribution to the fire accident and good sustainable behavior, the knowledge about wood and wood panels’ reaction to fire has been increased as well as paints and flame retardant for these materials. However, it is still necessary to know the durability of the wood fire reaction and its wood panels, with or without retarders. This research aims to analyze the durability of Glued Laminated Timber (Glulam) and Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) to fire reaction to represent solid timber, and Oriented Strand Board (OSB) as wood panels. It also aims to evaluate the fire reaction of the same materials with flame retardant treatment. For durability analysis was done Accelerated Weathering to the samples, which was adopted from statistical models of the Design of Experiments, with the Fractional Factor Method, where three factors of wood degradation were defined: temperature, relative humidity and time. For each parameter was defined three different levels, 21,1 [°C], 32,2 [°C] e 87,8 [°C] to temperature, 20%, 50% e 90% to relative humidity and 7, 14 e 21 exposition days. From the Fractional Factor Method there were nine combinations between the factors and levels, of which three were executed. To correlate the relative humidity of the air with moisture content, was conducted to drying test according to EN 322/1993. In addition, in three samples of each material were applied 1 [mm] thickness of flame retardant. Finally, the aged samples and the samples with flame retardant were tested in the Calorimeter Cone following ISO 5660 to examine the fire reaction. To compare, samples without ageing process and flame retardant were submitted to the same test. The fire reaction parameters analyzed were Heat Release Rate, Total Heat Released, Mass Loss and Ignition Time of the samples. It can be concluded that, in general, the fire behavior of Glulam wood with retardant had higher HRR, and lower THR in relation to the material without the treatment. Then, the CLT samples with flame retardant presented, in general, higher peak HRR, but lower THR. And the OSB samples with flame retardant, in overall, showed a similar behavior to the OSB without retardant. In the case of materials with Accelerated Aging, in general, presented lower HRR and THR in relation to the samples without aging, with the exception of the OSB that had an increase in the HRR of the aged samples.
Description
Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a UTFPR - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
Keywords
Segurança contra incêndio Madeira Glulam CLT OSB Envelhecimento acelerado Modelo de previsão Reação ao fogo Calorímetro de cone