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Abstract(s)
A perceção de Stresse nos Enfermeiros em contexto da pessoa em situação crítica
tem sido apresentada na literatura científica recente como uma variável despromotora de
saúde, quer a nível individual quer ao nível da equipa de trabalho.
Objetivos: Estudar o nível de perceção de Stresse dos Enfermeiros em contexto da pessoa crítica
e, analisar a relação entre o nível de perceção de Stresse dos Enfermeiros e as variáveis
sociodemográficas.
Metodologia: Estudo transversal, quantitativo, descritivo-correlacional, a partir da análise dos
resultados obtidos, através da aplicação da Escala de Perceção de Stresse (EPS) de Cohen,
Kamarck e Mermelstein (1983), adaptada para a população portuguesa por Pais Ribeiro &
Marques (2009) a uma amostra de 355 Enfermeiros em contexto da pessoa em situação crítica
numa unidade de Saúde do Norte.
Resultados: A amostra revelou-se maioritariamente do sexo feminino (51,0%), idade entre 36-
50 anos (51.3%) e média de 39,25±8,89 anos, casada (48.7%) e com licenciatura (38.9%). O nível
de Stresse percecionado pela amostra situa-se entre o mínimo de 24,15 e máximo de 32,57
pontos, com valor médio de 28,36±4,21 pontos. De acordo com a operacionalização da EPS e,
considerando o valor médio obtido, esta amostra apresenta um nível moderado de perceção de
Stresse, uma vez que, este valor situa-se no intervalo de pontuações intermédias entre 18 e 35
pontos – nível moderado de Stresse. A análise a partir da hipótese estatística (H1) formulada,
indica que: (1) não pode ser rejeitada a H1, já que os resultados comprovam relação estatística
entre a PS e as variáveis sociodemográficas em estudo; (2) as diferenças observadas não são
estatisticamente significativas; (3) foi verificado, um perfil sociodemográfico expressivo de
maior risco: Enfermeiros mais jovens (≤35 anos), do sexo masculino, divorciados e os habilitados
com mestrado, apresentam a perceção de um perfil de Stresse mais elevado.
Conclusão: Existe perceção de moderado nível de Stresse entre os Enfermeiros em contexto da
pessoa em situação crítica, com evidência nos mais jovens, do sexo masculino, divorciados e
com Mestrado, pelo que, se considera que os Enfermeiros em geral, e sobretudo, os que se
encontram no facto de o estudo ter decorrido no período pós-pandemia imediato, seja
particularmente revelador de níveis elevados de Stresse, fenómeno perturbador tanto na saúde
mental amostral, como na qualidade de cuidados em saúde. O grupo que perceciona sofrer de
Stresse, necessita, segundo a literatura recente, ser alvo de apoio e observação. Sugere-se
continuidade de estudos com estas e outras variáveis.
The perception of Stress in Nurses in the context of a person in a critical situation has been presented in recent scientific literature as a health-degrading variable, both at the individual level and at the level of the work team. Objectives: To study the level of perception of Stress among Nurses in the context of a critical person and to analyze the relationship between the level of perception of Stress among Nurses and sociodemographic variables. Methodology: Cross-sectional, quantitative, descriptive-correlational study, based on the analysis of the results obtained, through the application of the Stress Perception Scale (EPS) by Cohen, Kamarck and Mermelstein (1983), adapted for the Portuguese population by Pais Ribeiro & Marques (2009) to a sample of 355 nurses in the context of people in critical situations in a Northern Health unit. Results: The sample was mostly female (51.0%), aged between 36-50 years (51.3%) and average of 39.25±8.89 years, married (48.7%) and with a degree (38.9%). The level of Stress perceived by the sample is between a minimum of 24.15 and a maximum of 32.57 points, with an average value of 28.36±4.21 points. According to the operationalization of the EPS and, considering the average value obtained, this sample presents a moderate level of Stress perception since this value lies in the range of intermediate scores between 18 and 35 points – a moderate level of Stress. The analysis based on the formulated statistical hypothesis (H1) indicates that: (1) H1 cannot be rejected, as the results prove a statistical relationship between PS and the sociodemographic variables under study; (2) the observed differences are not statistically significant; (3) a significant sociodemographic profile of higher risk was verified: Younger nurses (≤35 years old), male, divorced and those qualified with a master's degree, present the perception of a higher Stress profile. Conclusion: There is a perception of a moderate level of Stress among Nurses in the context of people in critical situations, with evidence in younger, male, divorced and Master's degree holders, therefore, it is considered that Nurses in general, and above all, nurses which are based on the fact that the study took place in the immediate post-pandemic period, is particularly revealing of high levels of Stress, a disturbing phenomenon both in the mental health of the sample and in the quality of health care. The group that perceives themselves to be suffering from Stress needs, according to recent literature, to be the target of support and observation. It is suggested to continue studies with these and other variables.
The perception of Stress in Nurses in the context of a person in a critical situation has been presented in recent scientific literature as a health-degrading variable, both at the individual level and at the level of the work team. Objectives: To study the level of perception of Stress among Nurses in the context of a critical person and to analyze the relationship between the level of perception of Stress among Nurses and sociodemographic variables. Methodology: Cross-sectional, quantitative, descriptive-correlational study, based on the analysis of the results obtained, through the application of the Stress Perception Scale (EPS) by Cohen, Kamarck and Mermelstein (1983), adapted for the Portuguese population by Pais Ribeiro & Marques (2009) to a sample of 355 nurses in the context of people in critical situations in a Northern Health unit. Results: The sample was mostly female (51.0%), aged between 36-50 years (51.3%) and average of 39.25±8.89 years, married (48.7%) and with a degree (38.9%). The level of Stress perceived by the sample is between a minimum of 24.15 and a maximum of 32.57 points, with an average value of 28.36±4.21 points. According to the operationalization of the EPS and, considering the average value obtained, this sample presents a moderate level of Stress perception since this value lies in the range of intermediate scores between 18 and 35 points – a moderate level of Stress. The analysis based on the formulated statistical hypothesis (H1) indicates that: (1) H1 cannot be rejected, as the results prove a statistical relationship between PS and the sociodemographic variables under study; (2) the observed differences are not statistically significant; (3) a significant sociodemographic profile of higher risk was verified: Younger nurses (≤35 years old), male, divorced and those qualified with a master's degree, present the perception of a higher Stress profile. Conclusion: There is a perception of a moderate level of Stress among Nurses in the context of people in critical situations, with evidence in younger, male, divorced and Master's degree holders, therefore, it is considered that Nurses in general, and above all, nurses which are based on the fact that the study took place in the immediate post-pandemic period, is particularly revealing of high levels of Stress, a disturbing phenomenon both in the mental health of the sample and in the quality of health care. The group that perceives themselves to be suffering from Stress needs, according to recent literature, to be the target of support and observation. It is suggested to continue studies with these and other variables.
Description
Keywords
Stresse Enfermeiros Pessoa em situação crítica