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Abstract(s)
Desenvolvimento económico, sustentabilidade, qualidade de vida, são uns dos assuntos mais discutidos entre órgãos, instituições, organizações governamentais e não governamentais, os quais despertam um aumento da preocupação quanto à oferta de energia à população. As ofertas de fontes de energia a partir de combustíveis fósseis, têm vindo a diminuir percentualmente. Estudos indicam que estes são causadores das mudanças climáticas e emissões de gases de efeito estufa. Na procura de condições mais favoráveis, para a vida humana, têm surgido pesquisas de novas tecnologias e alternativas energéticas capazes de suprir a procura de energia de forma mais ecológica. As pesquisas efetuadas, ao longo dos anos, com vista à geração de energia elétrica, através da conversão fotovoltaica da irradiação solar, vêm-se mostrando uma alternativa às energias poluentes, cada vez mais próxima da realidade, com melhores relações entre custo e benefício. Nesse contexto, pela sua posição geográfica global, o Brasil tem um enorme potencial energético solar a ser explorado, podendo resultar numa matriz energética mais diversificada. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a viabilidade económica e financeira, de um sistema fotovoltaico, para abastecer três fazendas localizadas no interior do estado de São Paulo no Brasil. As referidas fazendas têm custos de energia elevados com o seu atual sistema de irrigação. A partir do levantamento de dados do consumo energético dos pivôs instalados nas propriedades foi analisado, em termos financeiros, o melhor sistema fotovoltaico conectado à rede para cada uma das fazendas. A seriação foi feita através de uma análise económica e financeira recorrendo aos indicadores Valor Atual Líquido, Taxa Interna de Rentabilidade e Payback. Procedeu-se ainda à elaboração de uma análise de sensibilidade, com as principais variáveis do trabalho, para se perceber a sensibilidade do projeto a possíveis variações dessas variáveis. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que os sistemas fotovoltaicos, quando conectados à rede, poderão proporcionar uma redução dos custos com a energia elétrica, obtendo-se deste modo resultados satisfatórios em termos de rentabilidade económica e financeira, uma vez que VAL foi de R$ 827.585,65 e a TIR de 8,56%.
Economic development, sustainability, quality of life, are some of the most discussed subjects among agencies, institutions, governmental and non-governmental organizations, which raise an increasing concern about the supply of energy to the population. The supply of energy sources from fossil fuels has been decreasing in percentage terms. Studies indicate that these are the cause of climate change and greenhouse gas emissions. In the search for more favorable conditions, for human life, research has emerged on new technologies and energy alternatives capable of meeting the demand for energy in a more ecological way. Research carried out over the years with a view to generating electric energy through the photovoltaic conversion of solar irradiation has shown itself to be an alternative to polluting energies, increasingly closer to reality, with better cost-benefit ratios. In this context, due to its global geographical position, Brazil has an enormous solar energy potential to be explored, which may result in a more diversified energy matrix. This work aims to analyze the economic and financial viability of a photovoltaic system, to supply three farms located in the interior of the state of São Paulo in Brazil. These farms have high energy costs with their current irrigation system. From the data collection of the energy consumption of the pivots installed in the properties, the best photovoltaic system connected to the network for each of the farms was analyzed in financial terms. The ranking was made through an economic and financial analysis using the indicators Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return and Payback. A sensitivity analysis was also carried out, with the main variables of the work, in order to understand the project's sensitivity to possible variations of these variables. The results obtained show that photovoltaic systems, when connected to the grid, may provide a reduction in costs with electricity, thus obtaining satisfactory results in terms of economic and financial profitability, since NPV was R$827,585.65 and the IRR of 8.56%.
Economic development, sustainability, quality of life, are some of the most discussed subjects among agencies, institutions, governmental and non-governmental organizations, which raise an increasing concern about the supply of energy to the population. The supply of energy sources from fossil fuels has been decreasing in percentage terms. Studies indicate that these are the cause of climate change and greenhouse gas emissions. In the search for more favorable conditions, for human life, research has emerged on new technologies and energy alternatives capable of meeting the demand for energy in a more ecological way. Research carried out over the years with a view to generating electric energy through the photovoltaic conversion of solar irradiation has shown itself to be an alternative to polluting energies, increasingly closer to reality, with better cost-benefit ratios. In this context, due to its global geographical position, Brazil has an enormous solar energy potential to be explored, which may result in a more diversified energy matrix. This work aims to analyze the economic and financial viability of a photovoltaic system, to supply three farms located in the interior of the state of São Paulo in Brazil. These farms have high energy costs with their current irrigation system. From the data collection of the energy consumption of the pivots installed in the properties, the best photovoltaic system connected to the network for each of the farms was analyzed in financial terms. The ranking was made through an economic and financial analysis using the indicators Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return and Payback. A sensitivity analysis was also carried out, with the main variables of the work, in order to understand the project's sensitivity to possible variations of these variables. The results obtained show that photovoltaic systems, when connected to the grid, may provide a reduction in costs with electricity, thus obtaining satisfactory results in terms of economic and financial profitability, since NPV was R$827,585.65 and the IRR of 8.56%.
Description
Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a UTFPR - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
Keywords
Energia solar Sistema fotovoltaico Viabilidade económica e financeira TIR VAL