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Abstract(s)
A prática regular de exercício físico é fundamental no controlo da obesidade e do excesso de peso, uma vez que desempenha um papel essencial na regulação do balanço energético, promovendo a redução da massa adiposa e a preservação da massa muscular.
Objetivos: A finalidade principal do estágio foi promover um estilo de vida ativo em utentes com excesso de peso ou obesidade do Centro de Saúde de Santa Maria, através da prescrição de exercício físico e acompanhamento regular da sua evolução.
Métodos: Para serem elegíveis para o programa, os participantes deveriam ter idade superior a 18 anos e ser utentes do Centro de Saúde Santa Maria, localizado em Bragança. O critério fundamental para a inclusão no programa era que os indivíduos apresentassem excesso de peso ou obesidade, definido por um Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) superior a 25 kg/m². A amostra foi composta por dez participantes, com idades compreendidas entre os 23 e 69 anos, dos quais 2 eram homens (20%) e 8 eram mulheres (80%). A realização do estudo contempla a avaliação de medidas somáticas (altura, massa corporal, perímetro da cintura, índice de massa corporal), composição corporal utilizando uma balança de bio impedância (gordura corporal, massa muscular), avaliar a força de preensão da mão, com a ajuda do dinamómetro, e a capacidade cardiovascular a partir do StepTest4all. Foram aplicados questionários sobre a alimentação e a qualidade de vida.
Desenvolvimento do projeto: O programa de prescrição teve a duração mínima de três meses e incluiu uma avaliação antes e depois da intervenção. A avaliação da atividade física foi realizada com base na contagem de passos diários. A primeira prescrição começou com 10 mil passos diários e 15 mil passos em um dia do fim de semana à escolha. Após três semanas, o objetivo foi ajustado para 12 mil passos diários e 18 mil durante o treino de maior duração. Na fase seguinte, foram estabelecidas metas de 15 mil passos diários e 20 mil no treino longo. As sessões de treino de força foram realizadas duas vezes por semana durante 12 semanas, com duração aproximada de 1 hora cada. Cada sessão incluía 8 exercícios focados nos principais grupos musculares, realizados em 10 a 12 repetições com 1 minuto de descanso entre máquinas, completando apenas uma série por exercício.
Conclusões: A prescrição de exercício físico nas unidades de saúde desempenha um papel essencial na promoção da saúde pública e na prevenção de doenças crónicas. Incorporado em planos terapêuticos, o exercício contribui para melhorar o condicionamento físico, reduzir o risco de doenças crónicas e promover o bem-estar psicológico. A criação de programas de exercício personalizados, ajustados às características de cada indivíduo, favorece a adesão e maximiza os benefícios das intervenções, resultando em ganhos significativos na qualidade de vida e no envelhecimento saudável.
A integração de programas de exercício físico com outras áreas de intervenção da unidade de saúde amplia os impactos positivos na saúde dos utentes. Considerando os desafios de adotar novos estilos de vida, é crucial oferecer apoio contínuo, orientação profissional e acompanhamento regular para garantir a adesão a longo prazo e potencializar os efeitos benéficos dessas intervenções na saúde física e mental dos utentes.
The regular practice of physical exercise is fundamental in controlling obesity and excess weight, as it plays an essential role in regulating energy balance, promoting the reduction of fat mass and the preservation of muscle mass. Objectives: The main purpose of the internship was to promote an active lifestyle in overweight or obese patients at the Santa Maria Health Center, by prescribing physical exercise and regularly monitoring their progress. Methods: To be eligible for the program, participants had to be over 18 years old and be users of the Santa Maria Health Center, located in Bragança. The fundamental criterion for inclusion in the program was that the individuals were overweight or obese, defined by a Body Mass Index (BMI) of more than 25 kg/m². The sample consisted of ten participants aged between 23 and 69, of whom 2 were men (20%) and 8 were women (80%). The study included assessing somatic measurements (height, body mass, waist circumference, body mass index), body composition using a bio impedance scale (body fat, muscle mass), assessing hand grip strength using a dynamometer and cardiovascular capacity using the StepTest4all. Questionnaires were administered on diet and quality of life. Project development: The prescription program lasted at least three months and included a pre- and post-intervention assessment. The physical activity assessment was based on daily step counts. The first prescription started with 10.000 daily steps and 15.000 steps on a weekend day of their choice. After three weeks, the target was adjusted to 12.000 steps a day and 18.000 during the longest training session. In the next phase, targets were set at 15.000 steps a day and 20.000 during the long workout. The strength training sessions were held twice a week for 12 weeks, lasting approximately 1 hour each. Each session included 8 exercises focused on the main muscle groups, performed in 10 to 12 repetitions with 1 minute's rest between machines, completing only one set per exercise. Conclusions: The prescription of physical exercise in healthcare facilities plays an essential role in promoting public health and preventing chronic diseases. Incorporated into therapeutic plans, exercise helps to improve physical fitness, reduce the risk of chronic diseases and promote psychological well-being. The creation of personalized exercise programs, adjusted to the characteristics of each individual, promotes adherence and maximizes the benefits of interventions, resulting in significant gains in quality of life and healthy ageing. Integrating exercise programs with other areas of intervention at the health unit increases the positive impact on users' health. Considering the challenges of adopting new lifestyles, it is crucial to offer ongoing support, professional guidance and regular follow-up to ensure long-term adherence and enhance the beneficial effects of these interventions on users' physical and mental health.
The regular practice of physical exercise is fundamental in controlling obesity and excess weight, as it plays an essential role in regulating energy balance, promoting the reduction of fat mass and the preservation of muscle mass. Objectives: The main purpose of the internship was to promote an active lifestyle in overweight or obese patients at the Santa Maria Health Center, by prescribing physical exercise and regularly monitoring their progress. Methods: To be eligible for the program, participants had to be over 18 years old and be users of the Santa Maria Health Center, located in Bragança. The fundamental criterion for inclusion in the program was that the individuals were overweight or obese, defined by a Body Mass Index (BMI) of more than 25 kg/m². The sample consisted of ten participants aged between 23 and 69, of whom 2 were men (20%) and 8 were women (80%). The study included assessing somatic measurements (height, body mass, waist circumference, body mass index), body composition using a bio impedance scale (body fat, muscle mass), assessing hand grip strength using a dynamometer and cardiovascular capacity using the StepTest4all. Questionnaires were administered on diet and quality of life. Project development: The prescription program lasted at least three months and included a pre- and post-intervention assessment. The physical activity assessment was based on daily step counts. The first prescription started with 10.000 daily steps and 15.000 steps on a weekend day of their choice. After three weeks, the target was adjusted to 12.000 steps a day and 18.000 during the longest training session. In the next phase, targets were set at 15.000 steps a day and 20.000 during the long workout. The strength training sessions were held twice a week for 12 weeks, lasting approximately 1 hour each. Each session included 8 exercises focused on the main muscle groups, performed in 10 to 12 repetitions with 1 minute's rest between machines, completing only one set per exercise. Conclusions: The prescription of physical exercise in healthcare facilities plays an essential role in promoting public health and preventing chronic diseases. Incorporated into therapeutic plans, exercise helps to improve physical fitness, reduce the risk of chronic diseases and promote psychological well-being. The creation of personalized exercise programs, adjusted to the characteristics of each individual, promotes adherence and maximizes the benefits of interventions, resulting in significant gains in quality of life and healthy ageing. Integrating exercise programs with other areas of intervention at the health unit increases the positive impact on users' health. Considering the challenges of adopting new lifestyles, it is crucial to offer ongoing support, professional guidance and regular follow-up to ensure long-term adherence and enhance the beneficial effects of these interventions on users' physical and mental health.
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Keywords
Exercício físico Obesidade Excesso de peso Utente