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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O presente estudo pretende avaliar a eficiência do investimento público para a promoção da prática
de exercício físico nos 27 países da União Europeia. A motivação para a pesquisa advém da
crescente preocupação com a adesão ao exercício físico e da necessidade de otimizar os recursos
públicos para fomentar estilos de vida mais saudáveis. Para tal, foi utilizada a técnica de DEA (Data
Envelopment Analysis), que tem como objetivo avaliar a eficiência relativa de cada país com base
na relação entre os inputs e os outputs.
Foram selecionados como inputs o investimento público para a promoção do exercício físico per
capita e o número de empresas desportivas per capita, enquanto os outputs incluíram a proporção
da população que pratica exercício físico pelo menos uma vez por semana por 10.000 habitantes e
o número de participações em eventos desportivos por 10.000 habitantes. Os dados necessários
foram extraídos da plataforma Eurostat, relativos ao ano de 2022.
A análise com os modelos DEA sob as abordagens de Constant Returns to Scale (CRS) e Variable
Returns to Scale (VRS) revelou que apenas um grupo restrito de países, incluindo Bulgária,
Alemanha, Irlanda, Croácia e Luxemburgo, alcançou eficiência técnica em ambas as abordagens.
Estes países destacam-se pela utilização otimizada dos recursos para promover a atividade física,
com elevadas taxas de adesão e participação. Em contraste, países como França, Espanha e Itália
mostraram-se ineficientes, sobretudo no modelo CRS, sugerindo que, mesmo com maiores
investimentos, estes países não conseguem atingir o número esperado de outputs.
Constatou-se que a disponibilidade de recursos nem sempre se reflete em eficiência na promoção
do exercício físico. Por exemplo, países como Bulgária, Alemanha, Irlanda, Croácia e Luxemburgo
registaram elevados índices de participação com investimentos relativamente modestos, ao
contrário de países como a França, onde os maiores investimentos não produziram níveis de
eficiência similares. Estas descobertas sugerem que a alocação estratégica de recursos
desempenha um papel essencial na promoção eficaz da atividade física.
Conclui-se que um investimento planeado em infraestruturas e programas de exercício físico pode
elevar substancialmente a participação da população em atividades físicas, promovendo estilos de
vida mais saudáveis. Assim, os países que demonstraram maior eficiência podem servir de modelo
para otimizar recursos públicos em políticas voltadas para a saúde e o bem-estar, maximizando os
impactos positivos sobre a adesão à prática desportiva e a participação em eventos.
This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of public investment in promoting physical exercise in the 27 countries of the European Union. The motivation for the research stems from the growing concern about adherence to physical exercise and the need to optimise public resources to encourage healthier lifestyles. To this end, the DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) technique was used, which aims to assess the relative efficiency of each country based on the relationship between inputs and outputs. The inputs selected were public investment to promote physical exercise per capita and the number of sports companies per capita, while the outputs included the proportion of the population that practises physical exercise at least once a week per 10,000 inhabitants and the number of participations in sports events per 10,000 inhabitants. The necessary data was taken from the Eurostat platform for the year 2022. Analysing DEA models under the Constant Returns to Scale (CRS) and Variable Returns to Scale (VRS) approaches revealed that only a restricted group of countries, including Bulgaria, Germany, Ireland, Croatia and Luxembourg, achieved technical efficiency under both approaches. These countries stand out for their optimised use of resources to promote physical activity, with high rates of adherence and participation. In contrast, countries such as France, Spain and Italy proved to be inefficient, especialy in the CRS model, suggesting that even with greater investment, these countries are unable to achieve the expected number of outputs. It was found that the availability of resources is not always reflected in efficiency in the promotion of physical exercise. For example, countries such as Bulgaria, Germany, Ireland, Croatia and Luxembourg recorded high participation rates with relatively modest investments, unlike countries such as France, where higher investments did not produce similar levels of efficiency. These findings suggest that the strategic alocation of resources plays an essential role in the effective promotion of physical activity. It is concluded that planned investment in physical activity infrastructure and programmes can substantialy increase the population's participation in physical activity, promoting healthier lifestyles. Thus, the countries that have demonstrated the greatest efficiency can serve as a model for optimising public resources in policies aimed at health and well-being, maximising the positive impacts on adherence to sports practice and participation in events.
This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of public investment in promoting physical exercise in the 27 countries of the European Union. The motivation for the research stems from the growing concern about adherence to physical exercise and the need to optimise public resources to encourage healthier lifestyles. To this end, the DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) technique was used, which aims to assess the relative efficiency of each country based on the relationship between inputs and outputs. The inputs selected were public investment to promote physical exercise per capita and the number of sports companies per capita, while the outputs included the proportion of the population that practises physical exercise at least once a week per 10,000 inhabitants and the number of participations in sports events per 10,000 inhabitants. The necessary data was taken from the Eurostat platform for the year 2022. Analysing DEA models under the Constant Returns to Scale (CRS) and Variable Returns to Scale (VRS) approaches revealed that only a restricted group of countries, including Bulgaria, Germany, Ireland, Croatia and Luxembourg, achieved technical efficiency under both approaches. These countries stand out for their optimised use of resources to promote physical activity, with high rates of adherence and participation. In contrast, countries such as France, Spain and Italy proved to be inefficient, especialy in the CRS model, suggesting that even with greater investment, these countries are unable to achieve the expected number of outputs. It was found that the availability of resources is not always reflected in efficiency in the promotion of physical exercise. For example, countries such as Bulgaria, Germany, Ireland, Croatia and Luxembourg recorded high participation rates with relatively modest investments, unlike countries such as France, where higher investments did not produce similar levels of efficiency. These findings suggest that the strategic alocation of resources plays an essential role in the effective promotion of physical activity. It is concluded that planned investment in physical activity infrastructure and programmes can substantialy increase the population's participation in physical activity, promoting healthier lifestyles. Thus, the countries that have demonstrated the greatest efficiency can serve as a model for optimising public resources in policies aimed at health and well-being, maximising the positive impacts on adherence to sports practice and participation in events.
Description
Mestrado em IPB-ESTG e ASSOCIAÇÃO DE POLITÉCNICOS DO NORTE (APNOR): Instituto Politécnico do Cávado e do Ave, P. Porto, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo
Keywords
Eficiência Investimento público Exercício físico Data envelopment analysis