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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Os burros (Equus asinus) foram domesticados, no norte da África, entre de 5.000 a 7.000 anos atrás, sendo usados sobretudo na agricultura e transportes de bens e pessoas [1]. No pós segunda guerra mundial, com a expansão da mecanização no campo, a tração animal perdeu espaço [2], e a raça estudada, Asinina de Miranda, ficou próxima da extinção [3]. Já no final do século XX, houve um retorno à utilização da tração animal em trabalhos rurais, devido à fácil locomoção em espaços limitados e com obstáculos, aos elevados custos da mecanização (investimento inicial e manutenção) e, por fim, aos benefícios do uso de animais seja no controle de queimadas seja na menor compactação do solo [4].
Dessa forma, ganha importância avaliar os atuais usos desses animais no campo, considerando-se seu bem-estar e sua longevidade. Para isso, foram desenvolvidos três pilares de avaliação biomecânica. Em primeiro lugar, fizeram-se estudos com mantas de pressão, alternando diversos arreios (artesanais e comerciais), a fim de perceber a influência da carga transportada nas regiões críticas dos animais (traqueia e ombros). Paralelamente, desenvolveu-se um balancim equipado com um dinamômetro que grava os dados de força e tempo, possibilitando a análise dos esforços segundo a combinação de diferentes tipos de arreios e cargas. Por último, devido às dificuldades encontradas na realização de testes, sujeitos a variações de solo e intempéries, projetou-se uma passadeira para animais de grande porte, a qual permitirá posteriores ensaios em laboratório.
The donkeys (Equus asinus) have been domesticated in North Africa for about 5,000 to 7,000 years and are mainly used for agriculture and transportation of goods and people [1]. After the Second World War, with the expansion of mechanization in the countryside, animal traction lost space [2], and the studied race, Asinina de Miranda, was close to extinction [3]. At the end of the 20th century, there was a return to the use of animal traction in rural areas, due to the easy mobility in limited spaces even with obstacles, the high costs of mechanization (initial investment and maintenance) and, finally, the benefits of using of animals either in the control of fires or in the lowest soil compaction [4]. Thus, it is important to evaluate the current use of these animals in the field, considering its well-being and longevity. Therefore, three pillars of biomechanical evaluation were developed. In the first place, studies were carried out with pressure pads, alternating several harnesses (handmade and commercial ones), in order to evaluate the influence of the carried load on Donkey’s critical regions (trachea and shoulders). In parallel, a single tree equipped with a dynamometer was developed, which records the data of force and time, allowing the analysis of the efforts according to the combination of different types of harnesses and loads. Finally, due to the difficulties found when performing tests, subject to soil and weather variations, a Treadmill was designed, which will allow further laboratory tests.
The donkeys (Equus asinus) have been domesticated in North Africa for about 5,000 to 7,000 years and are mainly used for agriculture and transportation of goods and people [1]. After the Second World War, with the expansion of mechanization in the countryside, animal traction lost space [2], and the studied race, Asinina de Miranda, was close to extinction [3]. At the end of the 20th century, there was a return to the use of animal traction in rural areas, due to the easy mobility in limited spaces even with obstacles, the high costs of mechanization (initial investment and maintenance) and, finally, the benefits of using of animals either in the control of fires or in the lowest soil compaction [4]. Thus, it is important to evaluate the current use of these animals in the field, considering its well-being and longevity. Therefore, three pillars of biomechanical evaluation were developed. In the first place, studies were carried out with pressure pads, alternating several harnesses (handmade and commercial ones), in order to evaluate the influence of the carried load on Donkey’s critical regions (trachea and shoulders). In parallel, a single tree equipped with a dynamometer was developed, which records the data of force and time, allowing the analysis of the efforts according to the combination of different types of harnesses and loads. Finally, due to the difficulties found when performing tests, subject to soil and weather variations, a Treadmill was designed, which will allow further laboratory tests.
Description
Mestrado de dupla diplomação com o Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca - CEFET/RJ
Keywords
Equus asinus Avaliação biomecância