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Resumo(s)
O problema do destino dos resíduos sólidos urbanos tornou-se expressivo nos últimos anos, acompanhado pelo desenvolvimento industrial e consequentemente pela maior carga de resíduos gerados. Paralelo ao aumento da produção de resíduos, a alternativa de valorização energética através da pirólise e carbonização surge como oportunidade para novas fontes de energias renováveis. Utilizando como inspiração modelos de fornos de carbonização industriais, foi projetado e construído um forno para carbonização de resíduos sólidos urbanos de baixo custo para a realização de ensaios experimentais. O forno foi construído em aço S235JR, com a capacidade de processar 10 kg. Para tal, foi, inicialmente, estimado o balanço energético do forno, de seguida, foram projetados e fabricados alguns dos principais componentes mecânicos, todos os elementos normalizados foram selecionados por catálogo. Os ensaios experimentais foram conduzidos com resíduos urbanos e, do processo, foram extraídos carvão, bio-óleo, gás de síntese. Por fim, foi realizada a análise de humidade e cinzas do carvão, os baixos níveis de humidade evidenciaram a necessidade de adicionar aglomerante para peletizar, enquanto o alto teor de cinzas descartou a utilização dos pellets de carvão em caldeiras residenciais.
The problem of the destination of solid urban waste has become significant in recent years, accompanied by industrial development and, consequently, by the greater load of waste generated. Parallel to the increase in waste production, the alternative of energy recovery through pyrolysis and carbonization appears as an opportunity for new sources of renewable energy. Using models of industrial carbonization furnaces as inspiration, a low-cost carbonization furnace for urban solid waste was designed and built to carry out experimental tests. The furnace was built in S235JR steel, with the capacity to process 10 kg. For this purpose, the energy balance of the furnace was initially estimated, then some of the main mechanical components were designed and manufactured, all standard elements were selected by catalog. The experimental tests were conducted with urban waste and, from the process, coal, bio-oil and synthesis gas were extracted. Finally, the analysis of moisture and coal ash was carried out, the low levels of humidity evidenced the need to add binder to pelletize, while the high ash content discarded the use of coal pellets in residential boilers.
The problem of the destination of solid urban waste has become significant in recent years, accompanied by industrial development and, consequently, by the greater load of waste generated. Parallel to the increase in waste production, the alternative of energy recovery through pyrolysis and carbonization appears as an opportunity for new sources of renewable energy. Using models of industrial carbonization furnaces as inspiration, a low-cost carbonization furnace for urban solid waste was designed and built to carry out experimental tests. The furnace was built in S235JR steel, with the capacity to process 10 kg. For this purpose, the energy balance of the furnace was initially estimated, then some of the main mechanical components were designed and manufactured, all standard elements were selected by catalog. The experimental tests were conducted with urban waste and, from the process, coal, bio-oil and synthesis gas were extracted. Finally, the analysis of moisture and coal ash was carried out, the low levels of humidity evidenced the need to add binder to pelletize, while the high ash content discarded the use of coal pellets in residential boilers.
Descrição
Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a UTFPR - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
Palavras-chave
Forno de carbonização Pirólise Resíduos sólidos urbanos