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Abstract(s)
O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar o bichado-da-macieira, Cydia pomonella
L., na região de Carrazeda de Ansiães, onde é considerada praga-chave da macieira. Para tal de
abril a outubro de 2018, em três pomares, um comercial, em que seguia as regras da produção
integrada e a proteção contra pragas os princípios da proteção integrada, e dois abandonados,
em que não foi feita qualquer intervenção nos últimos dois anos, estudou-se a curva de voo dos
adultos de C. pomonella com recurso a armadilhas sexuais; os inimigos naturais de larvas e pupas
do bichado-da-macieira quando abandonam os frutos para pupar em cintas de papel canelado;
os artrópodes auxiliares e a sua abundância estacional através da técnica de pancadas; e as
populações de aranhas uma vez que se considera que são predadores importantes quer de
larvas quer de adultos do bichado-da-macieira. Os resultados das capturas em armadilhas
mostraram níveis populacionais sempre muito superiores nos pomares sem tratamento em
comparação ao pomar em produção integrada, apesar do comportamento da curva ser
semelhante nos três pomares, com três picos de capturas, nomeadamente finais de maio, junho
e agosto. O número de pupas recolhidas nos pomares sem tratamento foi superior ao pomar
em produção integrada, sendo superior no tronco em comparação com a copa. A fauna auxiliar
associada aos pomares estudados é rica e diversificada, sendo as formigas, os himenópteros
parasitoides, e as aranhas os grupos mais abundantes. No pomar abandonado, os níveis
populacionais foram muito superiores comparativamente ao pomar em proteção integrada.
Foram identificadas 32 espécies de aranhas pertencentes a 13 famílias, sendo a maior
abundância de adultos registada entre meados de junho e meados de julho, enquanto a maior
parte de imaturos foi registrada entre o início de agosto e o final de setembro. A abundância de
aranhas foi significativamente superior no pomar abandonado comparativamente ao pomar
comercial. Os resultados indicam que a fauna auxiliar pode ter um papel importante na limitação
natural do bichado-da-macieira, sendo necessário aprofundar o conhecimento para clarificar o
papel de cada grupo e incrementar a sua ação na limitação natural de pragas da macieira.
The aim of this work was to study the Codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., in the Carrazeda de Ansiães region, where it is considered a key apple pest. To this end, from April to October 2018, in three orchards, one commercial, which followed the principles of integrated protection, and two abandoned orchards, where no intervention was made in the last two years, was studied the: flight curve of C. pomonella adults using sexual traps; natural enemies of larvae and pupae of the Codling moth when they abandon the fruits to pupate on corrugated paper; auxiliary arthropods and their seasonal abundance through the beating technique; and spider populations as they are considered to be important predators of larvae and adult of Codling moth. Trap catches showed higher population levels in untreated orchards compared to the integrated production orchard, although the curve behavior was similar in the three orchards, with three catch peaks, namely late May, June and August. The number of pupae collected in the untreated orchards was higher than the orchard in integrated production, being higher in the trunk compared to the aerial part of the tree. The auxiliary fauna associated with the orchards studied is rich and diverse, with ants, parasitoid hymenopterans, and spiders being the most abundant groups. In the abandoned orchards, the population levels were much higher compared to the integrated protection orchard. Thirty-two species of spiders from 13 families were identified, with adult abundance recorded between mid-June and mid-July, while most immature species were recorded between early August and late September. Spider abundance was significantly higher in the abandoned orchards compared to commercial orchard. The results indicate that the auxiliary fauna can play an important role in the natural limitation of Codling moth, being necessary to expand the knowledge to clarify the role of each group and to increase its action in the natural limitation of apple pests.
The aim of this work was to study the Codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., in the Carrazeda de Ansiães region, where it is considered a key apple pest. To this end, from April to October 2018, in three orchards, one commercial, which followed the principles of integrated protection, and two abandoned orchards, where no intervention was made in the last two years, was studied the: flight curve of C. pomonella adults using sexual traps; natural enemies of larvae and pupae of the Codling moth when they abandon the fruits to pupate on corrugated paper; auxiliary arthropods and their seasonal abundance through the beating technique; and spider populations as they are considered to be important predators of larvae and adult of Codling moth. Trap catches showed higher population levels in untreated orchards compared to the integrated production orchard, although the curve behavior was similar in the three orchards, with three catch peaks, namely late May, June and August. The number of pupae collected in the untreated orchards was higher than the orchard in integrated production, being higher in the trunk compared to the aerial part of the tree. The auxiliary fauna associated with the orchards studied is rich and diverse, with ants, parasitoid hymenopterans, and spiders being the most abundant groups. In the abandoned orchards, the population levels were much higher compared to the integrated protection orchard. Thirty-two species of spiders from 13 families were identified, with adult abundance recorded between mid-June and mid-July, while most immature species were recorded between early August and late September. Spider abundance was significantly higher in the abandoned orchards compared to commercial orchard. The results indicate that the auxiliary fauna can play an important role in the natural limitation of Codling moth, being necessary to expand the knowledge to clarify the role of each group and to increase its action in the natural limitation of apple pests.
Description
Keywords
Proteção integrada Bichado-da-macieira Fauna auxiliar Predadores Aranhas