Origin Identification of Table Salt Using Flame Atomic Absorption and Portable Near-Infrared Spectrometries

Lima, Larissa Rodrigues Zanela; Santos, Luana Dalagrana dos; Taglieri, Isabella; Cabral, David; Estevinho, Letícia M.; Melquiades, Fábio Luiz; Dias, Luís G.; Bona, Evandro

http://hdl.handle.net/10198/35181

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Authors

Lima, Larissa Rodrigues Zanela

Santos, Luana Dalagrana dos

Taglieri, Isabella

Cabral, David

Estevinho, Letícia M.

Melquiades, Fábio Luiz

Dias, Luís G.

Bona, Evandro

Abstract(s)

The mineral composition of table salt can be indicative of its origin. This work evaluated the possibility of identifying the origin of salt from four countries: Brazil, Spain, France, and Portugal. Eight metals were quantified through flame atomic absorption/emission spectroscopy (FAAS). The possibility of using portable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) as a faster and lower-cost alternative for identifying salt provenance was also evaluated. The content of Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Cu was identified as possible markers to differentiate the salt origin. One-class classifiers using FAAS data and DD-SIMCA could discriminate the salt origin with few misclassifications. For NIR spectroscopy, it was possible to highlight the importance of controlling the humidity and granulometry before the spectra acquisition. After drying and milling the samples, it was possible to discriminate between samples based on the interaction between the water of hydration and the presence of the cations in the sample. The Mg, Mn, and Cu are important in identifying the origin of salt using NIR spectra. The DD-SIMCA model using NIR spectra could classify the origin with the same performance as observed in FAAS. However, it is important to emphasize that NIR spectroscopy requires less sample preparation, is faster, and has low-cost instrumentation.

Keywords

Mineral profile Atomic spectroscopy Vibrational spectroscopy One-class modeling Data-driven soft independent modeling by class analogy

URI

http://hdl.handle.net/10198/35181

Citation

Lima, Larissa Rodrigues Zanela; Santos, Luana Dalagrana dos; Taglieri, Isabella; Cabral, David; Estevinho, Letícia M.; Melquiades, Fábio Luiz; Dias, Luís G.; Bona, Evandro (2025). Origin Identification of Table Salt Using Flame Atomic Absorption and Portable Near-Infrared Spectrometries, Chemosensors. ISSN 2227-9040, 13:7, p. 1-18