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Origin Identification of Table Salt Using Flame Atomic Absorption and Portable Near-Infrared Spectrometries

2025Journal article Open access
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datacite.subject.fosCiências Naturais::Ciências Químicas
datacite.subject.fosCiências Naturais::Outras Ciências Naturais
datacite.subject.sdg03:Saúde de Qualidade
datacite.subject.sdg09:Indústria, Inovação e Infraestruturas
datacite.subject.sdg12:Produção e Consumo Sustentáveis
dc.contributor.authorLima, Larissa Rodrigues Zanela
dc.contributor.authorSantos, Luana Dalagrana dos
dc.contributor.authorTaglieri, Isabella
dc.contributor.authorCabral, David
dc.contributor.authorEstevinho, Letícia M.
dc.contributor.authorMelquiades, Fábio Luiz
dc.contributor.authorDias, Luís G.
dc.contributor.authorBona, Evandro
dc.date.accessioned2025-12-05T11:09:58Z
dc.date.available2025-12-05T11:09:58Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstractThe mineral composition of table salt can be indicative of its origin. This work evaluated the possibility of identifying the origin of salt from four countries: Brazil, Spain, France, and Portugal. Eight metals were quantified through flame atomic absorption/emission spectroscopy (FAAS). The possibility of using portable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) as a faster and lower-cost alternative for identifying salt provenance was also evaluated. The content of Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Cu was identified as possible markers to differentiate the salt origin. One-class classifiers using FAAS data and DD-SIMCA could discriminate the salt origin with few misclassifications. For NIR spectroscopy, it was possible to highlight the importance of controlling the humidity and granulometry before the spectra acquisition. After drying and milling the samples, it was possible to discriminate between samples based on the interaction between the water of hydration and the presence of the cations in the sample. The Mg, Mn, and Cu are important in identifying the origin of salt using NIR spectra. The DD-SIMCA model using NIR spectra could classify the origin with the same performance as observed in FAAS. However, it is important to emphasize that NIR spectroscopy requires less sample preparation, is faster, and has low-cost instrumentation.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)—grant numbers 312595/2021-2, 310446/2020-1, INCT-FNA 464898/2014-5; Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support through national funds FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020 and UIDP/00690/2020) and SusTEC (LA/P/0007/2020).
dc.identifier.citationLima, Larissa Rodrigues Zanela; Santos, Luana Dalagrana dos; Taglieri, Isabella; Cabral, David; Estevinho, Letícia M.; Melquiades, Fábio Luiz; Dias, Luís G.; Bona, Evandro (2025). Origin Identification of Table Salt Using Flame Atomic Absorption and Portable Near-Infrared Spectrometries, Chemosensors. ISSN 2227-9040, 13:7, p. 1-18
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/chemosensors13070231
dc.identifier.issn2227-9040
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/35181
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relationMountain Research Center
dc.relationAssociate Laboratory for Sustainability and Tecnology in Mountain Regions
dc.relation.ispartofChemosensors
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.subjectMineral profile
dc.subjectAtomic spectroscopy
dc.subjectVibrational spectroscopy
dc.subjectOne-class modeling
dc.subjectData-driven soft independent modeling by class analogy
dc.titleOrigin Identification of Table Salt Using Flame Atomic Absorption and Portable Near-Infrared Spectrometrieseng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleMountain Research Center
oaire.awardTitleAssociate Laboratory for Sustainability and Tecnology in Mountain Regions
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F00690%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/LA%2FP%2F0007%2F2020/PT
oaire.citation.issue7
oaire.citation.titleChemosensors
oaire.citation.volume13
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameCabral
person.familyNameEstevinho
person.familyNameDias
person.givenNameDavid
person.givenNameLetícia M.
person.givenNameLuís G.
person.identifier.ciencia-id1A1D-A22B-2D9A
person.identifier.ciencia-idBA14-09D6-A406
person.identifier.ciencia-id2F11-9092-FAAF
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-7424-5903
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-9249-1948
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-1210-4259
person.identifier.scopus-author-id6506577664
person.identifier.scopus-author-id23569169900
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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