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Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A reabilitação tem como fim ajudar a pessoa com deficiência a alcançar a máxima
independência a nível físico, cognitivo, emocional, comunicativo e social após um acidente
vascular cerebral (AVC). O treino orientado para a tarefa (TOT) constitui um modelo
utilizado e recomendado em reabilitação. Este modelo de intervenção assenta em alguns
pressupostos fundamentais: alcançar objectivos funcionais através de intervenções orientadas
para a realização de uma tarefa com significado para a pessoa, promover o desenvolvimento
de respostas motoras relacionadas com tarefas quotidianas, de forma progressiva e desafiante,
desenvolvendo a capacidade adaptativa da pessoa.
Objectivo – Averiguar se existe evidência de melhoria nas actividades de vida diária (AVD)
nos doentes com AVC utilizando o TOT.
Metodologia – Revisão sistemática da literatura com consulta de bases de dados
científicas através da EBSCO e pesquisa de referências cruzadas. Foram encontrados 67
artigos dos quais foram excluídos 45 após leitura do resumo e 17 após leitura integral
do texto.
Resultados – Foram selecionados 5 artigos para análise, 80% indicam uma melhoria da
autonomia na realização das AVD com a utilização do TOT. Esta intervenção foi utilizada em
diversas fases após o AVC, segundo a evidência, sugerindo um efeito positivo inclusive na
fase crónica. Foram utilizadas diferentes componentes do TOT, nomeadamente treino de
tarefas de AVD e treino em circuito. A nível dos instrumentos de avaliação das AVD foram
utilizados diferentes escalas: Índice de Barthel e Índice de Barthel modificado, Medida de
Independência Funcional, Escala de impacto do AVC versão 3.0 e a Nottingham Extended
ADL Scale.
Conclusão – Efectivamente o TOT tem um efeito positivo na promoção da autonomia nas
AVD nos doentes com AVC. Constatou-se que existe uma concorrência no sentido positivo
entre a melhoria no desempenho das AVD e a nível do equilíbrio. O TOT apresenta diferentes
componentes com a respectiva especificidade de treino, não se centrando apenas nas AVD,
ainda assim com efeito positivo nas mesmas. A utilização de diferentes patamares de
progressão estimula claramente a capacidade adaptativa da pessoa e o feedback da evolução é
imediato.
Rehabilitation aims to help people with disabilities achieve maximum physical, cognitive, emotional, communicative and social independence after a stroke. Task-oriented training is a used and recommended model in rehabilitation. This model of intervention is based on some fundamental assumptions: to achieve functional objectives through interventions aimed at accomplishing a meaningful task for the person; to promote the development of motor responses related to daily tasks; progressively and challenging; developing the adaptive capacity of the person. Objective - To determine if there is evidence of improvement in activities of daily living in patients with stroke using task-oriented training. Methodology - Systematic review of the literature with consultation of scientific databases through EBSCO and cross-reference search. We found 67 articles, of which 45 were excluded after reading the abstract and 17 after reading the full text. Results - Different components of TOT were used, namely training of ADL tasks and circuit training. Regarding ADL assessment instruments, different scales were used: Barthel Index and modified Barthel Index, Functional Independence Measure, Stroke Impact Scale version 3.0 and Nottingham Extended ADL Scale. Five articles were selected for analysis, 80% indicate an improvement in autonomy in the performance of ADL with the use of TOT. This intervention was used in several phases after stroke, the evidence suggests a positive effect even in a stroke chronic phase. Conclusion - Indeed, TOT has a positive effect on the promotion of autonomy in ADL in stroke patients. There is a positive concurrence between the improvement in the performance of the ADL and the balance competency. The TOT presented different components with the respective specific training, not only focusing on the ADL, yet with a positive effect on them. The use of different levels of progression clearly stimulates the person's adaptive capacity and the feedback of evolution is immediate.
Rehabilitation aims to help people with disabilities achieve maximum physical, cognitive, emotional, communicative and social independence after a stroke. Task-oriented training is a used and recommended model in rehabilitation. This model of intervention is based on some fundamental assumptions: to achieve functional objectives through interventions aimed at accomplishing a meaningful task for the person; to promote the development of motor responses related to daily tasks; progressively and challenging; developing the adaptive capacity of the person. Objective - To determine if there is evidence of improvement in activities of daily living in patients with stroke using task-oriented training. Methodology - Systematic review of the literature with consultation of scientific databases through EBSCO and cross-reference search. We found 67 articles, of which 45 were excluded after reading the abstract and 17 after reading the full text. Results - Different components of TOT were used, namely training of ADL tasks and circuit training. Regarding ADL assessment instruments, different scales were used: Barthel Index and modified Barthel Index, Functional Independence Measure, Stroke Impact Scale version 3.0 and Nottingham Extended ADL Scale. Five articles were selected for analysis, 80% indicate an improvement in autonomy in the performance of ADL with the use of TOT. This intervention was used in several phases after stroke, the evidence suggests a positive effect even in a stroke chronic phase. Conclusion - Indeed, TOT has a positive effect on the promotion of autonomy in ADL in stroke patients. There is a positive concurrence between the improvement in the performance of the ADL and the balance competency. The TOT presented different components with the respective specific training, not only focusing on the ADL, yet with a positive effect on them. The use of different levels of progression clearly stimulates the person's adaptive capacity and the feedback of evolution is immediate.
Description
Keywords
Acidente vascular cerebral Actividades de vida diária Reabilitação Treino orientado para a tarefa