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Avaliação do ciclo de vida de um vaso ornamental produzido a partir de subprodutos e resíduos
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| 2.26 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
A transição da economia linear para a circular é essencial para mitigar os impactos ambientais e reduzir o consumo de recursos naturais. A estratégia de adotar a reincorporação de resíduos e utilizar subprodutos ganha força para impulsionar essa transição. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar os impactos ambientais do processo produtivo de vasos ornamentais, que utilizam resíduos e subprodutos como matérias-primas, em colaboração com a Empresa X. Empregando a Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) como ferramenta principal e seguindo as normas ISO 14040:2008 e ISO 14044:2014, a análise concentrou-se em identificar e quantificar os impactos ambientais em todas as etapas do processo produtivo. Utilizou-se como unidade funcional (UF) um único vaso ornamental, pesando 120 gramas e com capacidade interna de 330 cm³, com a fronteira de estudo "cradle-to-gate". Para realizar a ACV, os processos foram separados em dois grupos: o Grupo 1 representa o processo produtivo que não reincorpora as perdas, enquanto o Grupo 2 reincorpora as perdas. Para os dois grupos, foram avaliadas as seguintes categorias de impactos ambientais: Potencial de Aquecimento Global (PAG), Potencial de Formação Fotoquímica de Ozônio (PFFO), Potencial de Acidificação Terrestre (PAT) e Depleção de Recursos Abióticos (DRA). Os resultados da avaliação dos impactos ambientais identificaram que as etapas do Grupo 2 geram impactos menores ou iguais às do Grupo 1. Além disso, analisou-se o cenário para o fim de vida do produto final, "cradle-to-grave", permitindo identificar quais práticas são as mais sustentáveis para o seu descarte. A forma de descarte que gerou o menor impacto foi a compostagem, quando comparada com a disposição em aterro sanitário e a incineração. Também foi realizada a análise de cenários comparativos de materiais, por UF, como o poliestireno e o polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD). O vaso da Empresa X apresenta um menor impacto ambiental em PAG em relação aos outros materiais analisados. Para igualar o impacto ambiental de um vaso de polietileno, os vasos da Empresa X poderiam ser substituídos 5,3 vezes, e para igualar o impacto de um vaso de PEAD, seriam necessários 3,5 vasos. Este estudo demonstra a importância da ACV para ressaltar os benefícios das práticas sustentáveis na indústria, voltadas para uma produção responsável que incorpora os subprodutos como matéria-prima, destacando a importância da economia circular como fator marcante na redução dos impactos ambientais.
The transition from a linear to a circular economy is essential to mitigate environmental impacts and reduce the consumption of natural resources. The strategy of adopting the reintegration of waste and using by-products is gaining strength to drive this transition. This study aimed to analyze the environmental impacts of the production process of ornamental pots, which use waste and by-products as raw materials, in collaboration with Company X. Employing Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as the main tool and following ISO 14040:2008 and ISO 14044:2014 standards, the analysis focused on identifying and quantifying the environmental impacts at all stages of the production process. To carry out the LCA, the processes were separated into two groups: Group 1 represents the production process that does not reintegrate losses, while Group 2 reintegrates losses. For both groups, the following environmental impact categories were assessed: Global Warming Potential (GWP), Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP), Terrestrial Acidification Potential (TAP), and Abiotic Resource Depletion (ARD). The environmental impact assessment results identified that the stages in Group 2 generate equal or lesser impacts compared to those in Group 1. Additionally, the end-of-life scenario for the final product, "cradle-to-grave," was analyzed, allowing the identification of the most sustainable disposal practices. Composting generated the least impact compared to landfill disposal and incineration. Comparative material scenarios per FU, such as polystyrene and high- density polyethylene (HDPE), were also analyzed. Company X’s pot has a lower GWP impact compared to other analyzed materials. To equalize the environmental impact of a polyethylene pot, Company X's pots could be replaced 5.3 times, and to match the impact of an HDPE pot, 3.5 pots would be required. This study demonstrates the importance of LCA in highlighting the benefits of sustainable practices in the industry, aimed at responsible production that incorporates by-products as raw materials, emphasizing the significance of the circular economy in reducing environmental impacts.
The transition from a linear to a circular economy is essential to mitigate environmental impacts and reduce the consumption of natural resources. The strategy of adopting the reintegration of waste and using by-products is gaining strength to drive this transition. This study aimed to analyze the environmental impacts of the production process of ornamental pots, which use waste and by-products as raw materials, in collaboration with Company X. Employing Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as the main tool and following ISO 14040:2008 and ISO 14044:2014 standards, the analysis focused on identifying and quantifying the environmental impacts at all stages of the production process. To carry out the LCA, the processes were separated into two groups: Group 1 represents the production process that does not reintegrate losses, while Group 2 reintegrates losses. For both groups, the following environmental impact categories were assessed: Global Warming Potential (GWP), Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP), Terrestrial Acidification Potential (TAP), and Abiotic Resource Depletion (ARD). The environmental impact assessment results identified that the stages in Group 2 generate equal or lesser impacts compared to those in Group 1. Additionally, the end-of-life scenario for the final product, "cradle-to-grave," was analyzed, allowing the identification of the most sustainable disposal practices. Composting generated the least impact compared to landfill disposal and incineration. Comparative material scenarios per FU, such as polystyrene and high- density polyethylene (HDPE), were also analyzed. Company X’s pot has a lower GWP impact compared to other analyzed materials. To equalize the environmental impact of a polyethylene pot, Company X's pots could be replaced 5.3 times, and to match the impact of an HDPE pot, 3.5 pots would be required. This study demonstrates the importance of LCA in highlighting the benefits of sustainable practices in the industry, aimed at responsible production that incorporates by-products as raw materials, emphasizing the significance of the circular economy in reducing environmental impacts.
Description
Keywords
Avaliação do ciclo de vida Produção de vasos ornamentais Reincorporação de resíduos Subprodutos Economia circular