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Authors
Abstract(s)
A erosão do solo é uma questão urgente devido à perda de matéria orgânica e
nutrientes, degradação ambiental e impacto na sustentabilidade agrícola. Este estudo se
concentra na problemática da erosão em olivais de Trás-os-Montes, uma região importante para
a produção de azeite em Portugal. A oliveira sendo essencial para a economia local e
biodiversidade, tem a erosão do solo como uma ameaça para sua viabilidade. Dois tipos de
erosão são expostos no trabalho, laminar e a linear, sendo examinados quanto à sua magnitude
e efeitos.
O estudo de caso em um olival em Suçães, Mirandela, foi realizado através da medição
de sulcos de erosão em uma área mobilizada com 0,51 hectares de área de estudo e com de
área total de drenagem de 0,63 hectares e uma área não mobilizada com 0,31 hectares de área
de estudo e com uma área total de drenagem de 0,52 hectares. Os sulcos se formaram após
duas chuvadas de intensidade elevada que ocorreram no dia 30 setembro e 2 de novembro de
2022, atingindo precipitações totais de 74 e 95 mm, respectivamente. As quantidades de solo
perdida para a erosão linear foram obtidas através da medição dos sulcos e da soma de suas
áreas de secção, referente a todos os transectos para ambas as áreas. Enquanto a determinação
da taxa de erosão laminar se deu pelo cálculo de estimativa de perda de solo, com utilização da
Equação Universal de Perda de Solo, a qual engloba fatores como declividade, área, estrutura e
textura do solo, precipitação da região, entre outros.
Comparativamente, a erosão em sulcos ou erosão linear é mais destrutiva e impactante
em termos de perda de solo, enquanto a erosão laminar contribui para perdas cumulativas. Para
a área mobilizada, as taxas de erosão linear foram de 38,6 toneladas por hectare e para erosão
laminar foram de 2,9 toneladas por hectare por ano. Enquanto para a área não mobilizada as
taxas de erosão linear foram de 34,4 toneladas por hectare e para erosão laminar foram de 2,4
toneladas por hectare por ano. O estudo enfatiza a importância da conservação do solo,
promovendo práticas agrícolas sustentáveis, cobertura vegetal adequada, contenção da água e
manutenção da estrutura do solo.
Com este estudo pretende-se contribuir para demonstrar a necessidade da conservação
do solo para a sustentabilidade agrícola e preservação de recursos naturais. Suas implicações
refletem que estratégias de manejo corretas são necessárias, pois equilibram a produção com a
ecologia e saúde do solo. Assim, assegurando a produtividade agrícola a longo prazo e mitigando
os impactos da erosão, protegendo os ecossistemas e mantendo a saúde do solo.
Soil erosion poses an urgent concern due to the loss of organic matter and nutrients, environmental degradation, and its impact on agricultural sustainability. This study focuses on the issue of soil erosion in the olive groves of Trás-os-Montes, a region vital for olive oil production in Portugal. Olive cultivation is essential to the local economy and biodiversity, making soil erosion a significant threat to its viability. The study investigates two types of erosion, laminar and linear, assessing their magnitude and effects. A case study conducted in an olive grove in Suçães, Mirandela, involved measuring erosion rills in a mobilized area with a study area of 0.51 hectares and a total drainage area of 0.63 hectares. A non-mobilized area with a study area of 0.31 hectares and a total drainage area of 0.52 hectares was also examined. These rills formed after two intense rainfall events on September 30th and November 2nd, 2022, with cumulative precipitations of 74 mm and 95 mm, respectively. Quantities of soil lost to linear erosion were determined by measuring the rills and summing their cross-sectional areas across all transects for both areas. Meanwhile, the estimation of laminar erosion rates was calculated using the Universal Soil Loss Equation, which considers factors such as slope, area, soil structure and texture, regional precipitation, among others. Comparatively, linear erosion, represented by rills, is more destructive and impactful in terms of soil loss, while laminar erosion contributes to cumulative losses. For the mobilized area, linear erosion rates were 38.6 tons per hectare, and laminar erosion rates were 2.9 tons per hectare per year. In contrast, the non-mobilized area exhibited linear erosion rates of 34.4 tons per hectare and laminar erosion rates of 2.4 tons per hectare per year. This study underscores the significance of soil conservation through sustainable agricultural practices, proper vegetation cover, water management, and soil structure maintenance. The objective of this research is to emphasize the critical need for soil conservation to ensure agricultural sustainability and the preservation of natural resources. The implications underscore the necessity of correct management strategies, striking a balance between production, ecological concerns, and soil health. Thus, securing long-term agricultural productivity and mitigating erosion's impact while safeguarding ecosystems and soil health.
Soil erosion poses an urgent concern due to the loss of organic matter and nutrients, environmental degradation, and its impact on agricultural sustainability. This study focuses on the issue of soil erosion in the olive groves of Trás-os-Montes, a region vital for olive oil production in Portugal. Olive cultivation is essential to the local economy and biodiversity, making soil erosion a significant threat to its viability. The study investigates two types of erosion, laminar and linear, assessing their magnitude and effects. A case study conducted in an olive grove in Suçães, Mirandela, involved measuring erosion rills in a mobilized area with a study area of 0.51 hectares and a total drainage area of 0.63 hectares. A non-mobilized area with a study area of 0.31 hectares and a total drainage area of 0.52 hectares was also examined. These rills formed after two intense rainfall events on September 30th and November 2nd, 2022, with cumulative precipitations of 74 mm and 95 mm, respectively. Quantities of soil lost to linear erosion were determined by measuring the rills and summing their cross-sectional areas across all transects for both areas. Meanwhile, the estimation of laminar erosion rates was calculated using the Universal Soil Loss Equation, which considers factors such as slope, area, soil structure and texture, regional precipitation, among others. Comparatively, linear erosion, represented by rills, is more destructive and impactful in terms of soil loss, while laminar erosion contributes to cumulative losses. For the mobilized area, linear erosion rates were 38.6 tons per hectare, and laminar erosion rates were 2.9 tons per hectare per year. In contrast, the non-mobilized area exhibited linear erosion rates of 34.4 tons per hectare and laminar erosion rates of 2.4 tons per hectare per year. This study underscores the significance of soil conservation through sustainable agricultural practices, proper vegetation cover, water management, and soil structure maintenance. The objective of this research is to emphasize the critical need for soil conservation to ensure agricultural sustainability and the preservation of natural resources. The implications underscore the necessity of correct management strategies, striking a balance between production, ecological concerns, and soil health. Thus, securing long-term agricultural productivity and mitigating erosion's impact while safeguarding ecosystems and soil health.
Description
Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a UTFPR, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
Keywords
Erosão laminar Erosão linear Manejo do solo Conservação do solo Mobilização do solo