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Abstract(s)
A madeira e painéis de derivados de madeira tem sido fortemente utilizado na construção civil nos últimos anos, principalmente devido às políticas de sustentabilidade. Devido a isso, houve a necessidade de desenvolver normativas de segurança contra incêndio para produtos utilizados na construção civil fazendo com que as empresas desenvolvessem e aplicassem produtos retardantes de chamas nos seus materiais, com o intuito de diminuir a taxa de libertação de calor e o tempo de ignição da chama. Os produtos de madeira quando expostos às condições climáticas, tais como humidade, temperatura e radiação UV podem perder a sua durabilidade que acabam influenciando nas propriedades mecânicas e de reação ao fogo.
Neste trabalho é apresentada uma avaliação do desempenho da durabilidade através de ciclos de envelhecimento artificial dos painéis derivados de madeira com e sem retardante de chama, com o objetivo de avaliar possíveis perdas nas propriedades mecânicas e reação ao fogo.
Foram efetuados ciclos de envelhecimento artificial segundo a ETAG 028:2012, [1], com variações de humidade e temperatura durante 10 dias ininterruptos nos painéis de MDF com e sem retardante de chamas, PB com e sem retardante de chamas e OSB sem retardante de chamas. Após o envelhecimento, utilizou-se o teste de flexão em três pontos segundo a EN 310:1993, [2], com o objetivo de avaliar e comparar as propriedades mecânicas dos painéis antes e após o envelhecimento artificial, no que diz respeito à tensão máxima de flexão (MOR) e módulo de elasticidade (MOE). O estudo da reação ao fogo também foi realizado através do calorímetro de perda de massa utilizando a ISO 5660-1, [3], afim de avaliar se as propriedades de reação ao fogo foram mantidas ou alteradas após o envelhecimento dos painéis de acordo com a EN 16775:2017, [4].
Em termos de propriedades mecânicas, todos os painéis apresentaram perdas significativas nos valores de MOR e MOE com exceção do OSB que possuí uma resina de pMDI resistente à humidade. As reduções nas propriedades mecânicas foram menores para os painéis de MDF com retardante de chamas quando comparado ao MDF sem retardante de chama enquanto que o PB sem retardante de chama apresentou perdas menores do que em relação ao PB com retardante de chamas. Os painéis de MDF sem retardante de chama apresentaram perdas nas propriedades de reação ao fogo, libertando mais calor nas amostras após o envelhecimento, enquanto que no PB e OSB sem retardante de chama, as propriedades foram mantidas. Os painéis ignífugos de MDF e PB não perderam a durabilidade e continuaram na classe B de reação ao fogo.
The use of wood and wood panels has been heavily used in civil construction in recent years, mainly due to sustainability policies. Due to this, there was a need to develop fire safety regulations for products used in construction, causing companies to develop and apply flame retardant products in their materials in order to reduce the heat release rate, the ignition time and avoiding the flame propagation. Wood products when exposed to weathering conditions, such as humidity, temperature and UV radiation, can lose their durability, influencing the mechanical properties and fire reaction. In this work, a durability evaluation performance through the artificial aging cycles of the wood panels with and without flame retardant is presented, in order to evaluate if there were losses in the mechanical properties and fire reaction. Artificial aging cycles according to ETAG 028: 2012 were performed with humidity and temperature variations for 10 days without interruption in MDF panels with and without flame retardant, PB with and without flame retardant and OSB without flame retardant. After aging, the three-point bending test according to EN 310: 1993 was used to evaluate and compare the mechanical properties of the panels before and after the climatic aging with respect to bending resistance (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE). The study of fire reaction was also carried out through the mass loss calorimeter, in accordance with ISO 5660-1, to evaluate if the fire reaction properties were maintained or altered after exposure of the panels to environmental conditions according to EN 16775: 2017. In terms of mechanical properties, all panels had significant losses in MOR and MOE values except for OSB which had a moisture resistant pMDI resin. Reductions in mechanical properties were lower for MDF panels with flame retardant when compared to MDF without flame retardant whereas PB without flame retardant showed less losses than with PB with flame retardant. The MDF panels without flame retardant presented losses in the fire reaction properties, releasing more heat in the samples after aging, whereas in the PB and OSB without flame retardant properties were maintained. The MDF and PB fire retardant panels did not lose their durability and continued in the fire reaction class B.
The use of wood and wood panels has been heavily used in civil construction in recent years, mainly due to sustainability policies. Due to this, there was a need to develop fire safety regulations for products used in construction, causing companies to develop and apply flame retardant products in their materials in order to reduce the heat release rate, the ignition time and avoiding the flame propagation. Wood products when exposed to weathering conditions, such as humidity, temperature and UV radiation, can lose their durability, influencing the mechanical properties and fire reaction. In this work, a durability evaluation performance through the artificial aging cycles of the wood panels with and without flame retardant is presented, in order to evaluate if there were losses in the mechanical properties and fire reaction. Artificial aging cycles according to ETAG 028: 2012 were performed with humidity and temperature variations for 10 days without interruption in MDF panels with and without flame retardant, PB with and without flame retardant and OSB without flame retardant. After aging, the three-point bending test according to EN 310: 1993 was used to evaluate and compare the mechanical properties of the panels before and after the climatic aging with respect to bending resistance (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE). The study of fire reaction was also carried out through the mass loss calorimeter, in accordance with ISO 5660-1, to evaluate if the fire reaction properties were maintained or altered after exposure of the panels to environmental conditions according to EN 16775: 2017. In terms of mechanical properties, all panels had significant losses in MOR and MOE values except for OSB which had a moisture resistant pMDI resin. Reductions in mechanical properties were lower for MDF panels with flame retardant when compared to MDF without flame retardant whereas PB without flame retardant showed less losses than with PB with flame retardant. The MDF panels without flame retardant presented losses in the fire reaction properties, releasing more heat in the samples after aging, whereas in the PB and OSB without flame retardant properties were maintained. The MDF and PB fire retardant panels did not lose their durability and continued in the fire reaction class B.
Description
Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a UTFPR - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
Keywords
Painéis de madeira Durabilidade Envelhecimento acelerado Resistências mecânica Reação ao fogo