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Abstract(s)
O castanheiro europeu (Castanea sativa Mill.) é uma dicotiledônea pertencente à família Fagaceae. Seus frutos são de extrema importância para a economia das regiões produtoras e possuem efeitos positivos na alimentação humana. Nas técnicas de cultivo, deve-se sempre buscar por uma fertilização adequada, que irá auxiliar a regular a concentração de nutrientes nos tecidos e a produtividade. Sendo assim, a procura dos agricultores por fertilizantes de síntese industrial tem aumentado, principalmente por adubos compostos, que tendem a constituir adubações mais abrangentes. No presente trabalho testaram-se três formulações comerciais NPK em comparação com uma testemunha não fertilizada. O ensaio foi conduzido em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado e foram selecionadas 16 árvores, as quais foram sorteadas em quatro grupos, que correspondem aos tratamentos. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: adubo 7-14-14; YaraMila™ ACTYVA 20-7-10; YaraMila™ SÓLAN 13-11-21; e testemunha (não recebeu fertilizante). Os fertilizantes foram aplicados anualmente debaixo da copa à razão de 4 kg de adubo por árvore. Amostras de folhas foram coletadas em julho de todos os anos e as castanhas colhidas em novembro. Para a realização das análises químicas do fruto separou-se a casca do miolo. Os nutrientes que tiveram maior impacto sobre o castanheiro foi o nitrogênio e o boro. Outra variável que se notabilizou foi a intensidade da cor verde das folhas, que está relacionada à quantidade nitrogênio nos tecidos. Ao se falar da produção, com o passar dos anos houve uma redução da testemunha em relação aos tratamentos fertilizados. Contudo, percebe-se uma resposta fraca do castanheiro aos fertilizantes, talvez devido a serem árvores muito grandes, exercendo as partes perenes um efeito tampão sobre a concentração dos nutrientes nas folhas. Assim, recomenda-se aos agricultores planos de adubação abrangentes, que envolvam análises recorrentes do solo e das folhas
European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) is a dicotyledonous species that belongs to the Fagaceae family. Its fruits are extremely important to the economy of the region in addition to having a positive effect on human’s nutrition. In cultivation techniques, it is recommendable seeking for an adequate fertilization, which may help to regulate tissue nutrient concentration and crop productivity. Therefore, the demand of farmers for industrial fertilizers has increased, mainly for compound NPK fertilizers, which correspond to a more complete fertilization. In the present study three popular commercial NPK formulations were tested in comparison to an unfertilized control. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, and 16 trees were selected and randomly assigned to four groups, which correspond to the treatments. The treatments used were: fertilizer 7-14-14; YaraMila™ ACTYVA 20-7-10; YaraMila™ SOLAN 13-11-21; and an untreated control (which did not receive fertilizer). The fertilizers were applied annually under the tree’s canopy at a rate of 4 kg of fertilizer per tree. Leaf samples were collected every year in July and nuts were collected in November. To perform the elemental analysis of the fruit, the skin was separated from the kernel. The nutrients that had the greatest impact on the chestnut tree were nitrogen and boron. Another variable to be highlighted is the greenness or of the leaves, which is related to the amount of nitrogen in the tissues. Regarding nut yield, the control treatment displayed a slight decrease over the years in comparison with the fertilized treatments. However, in general terms, the response of chestnut to fertilization was poor, which was probably due to the buffering effect on the perennial structure on the remobilization of nutrients within the canopy. Therefore, farmers are recommended to base their fertilization plans on regular soil and leaf analyses.
European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) is a dicotyledonous species that belongs to the Fagaceae family. Its fruits are extremely important to the economy of the region in addition to having a positive effect on human’s nutrition. In cultivation techniques, it is recommendable seeking for an adequate fertilization, which may help to regulate tissue nutrient concentration and crop productivity. Therefore, the demand of farmers for industrial fertilizers has increased, mainly for compound NPK fertilizers, which correspond to a more complete fertilization. In the present study three popular commercial NPK formulations were tested in comparison to an unfertilized control. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, and 16 trees were selected and randomly assigned to four groups, which correspond to the treatments. The treatments used were: fertilizer 7-14-14; YaraMila™ ACTYVA 20-7-10; YaraMila™ SOLAN 13-11-21; and an untreated control (which did not receive fertilizer). The fertilizers were applied annually under the tree’s canopy at a rate of 4 kg of fertilizer per tree. Leaf samples were collected every year in July and nuts were collected in November. To perform the elemental analysis of the fruit, the skin was separated from the kernel. The nutrients that had the greatest impact on the chestnut tree were nitrogen and boron. Another variable to be highlighted is the greenness or of the leaves, which is related to the amount of nitrogen in the tissues. Regarding nut yield, the control treatment displayed a slight decrease over the years in comparison with the fertilized treatments. However, in general terms, the response of chestnut to fertilization was poor, which was probably due to the buffering effect on the perennial structure on the remobilization of nutrients within the canopy. Therefore, farmers are recommended to base their fertilization plans on regular soil and leaf analyses.
Description
Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
Keywords
Castanea sativa Análise foliar Fertilidade do solo Produção de castanha Valores SPAD