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Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Atualmente os edifícios de habitação e serviços são responsáveis por um consumo de cerca de 40% da energia final na Europa, enquanto que em Portugal, esse número está em torno de 30%. Devido a alta demanda de energia para esse setor, surgem preocupações concernentes a eficiência de seu uso. Assim, torna-se fundamental o estudo do comportamento energético dos edifícios, que consiste na caracterização do mesmo e utilização, por exemplo, de ferramentas de simulação dinâmica multizona, estando certificadas e homologadas pela norma ASHRAE 140, para construção de um modelo de simulação que pode ser utilizado para realização da análise do seu desempenho energético.
Para o presente trabalho foi necessário realizar um levantamento de dados no edifício da Escola Superior de Saúde do Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, incluindo cargas elétricas e térmicas, sistemas de iluminação e climatização, plantas do edifício e faturas de consumo de energia elétrica e gás natural dos ultimos anos. Os dados foram utilizados para criação de um modelo de simulação dinâmica, calibrado para se aproximar o melhor possível do edifício real, utlizando o software DesignBuilder. Uma vez concluído o modelo de simulação e realizada a sua calibração, o mesmo pode ser utilizado para estudo do comportamento energético do edifício, bem como para analise do impacto da instalação de medidas de melhorias de eficiência energética. O modelo computacional foi calibrado e apresentou um erro de 0,39% em
relação ao consumo global real. Com os dados de simulação, foi possível propor melhorias para o edifício, principalmente em relação a sua envolvente, uma vez que foram constatadas altas perdas de calor através das paredes externas e cobertura. Foram analisadas algumas propostas de instalação de isolamento térmico na envolvente, entre as quais foi possível encontrar uma solução que atendesse aos
requisitos mínimos para o coeficiente de transmissão térmica da envolvente de edifícios para a zona climática onde o edifício em estudo está localizado. Obteve-se uma redução no consumo total de 22%, com um tempo de retorno de investimento em torno de 14 anos. Com a simulação das medidas de melhoria, foram avaliadas também as reduções na perda de calor pela envolvente do edifício e nas emissões de dióxido de carbono.
Currently, residential and service buildings are responsible for a consumption of around 40% of final energy in Europe, while in Portugal, this number is around 30%. Due to the high demand for energy for this sector, concerns arise regarding the efficiency of its use. Thus, it is essential to study the energetic behavior of buildings, which consists of characterizing it and using, for example, multizone dynamic simulation tools, being certified and homologated by the ASHRAE 140 standard, to build a simulation model that can be used to perform the analysis of its energy performance. For this work, it was necessary to carry out a data survey in the building of the School of Health of the Polytechnic Institute of Braganza, including electrical and thermal loads, lighting and air conditioning systems, building plans and electricity and natural gas consumption bills of the last years. The data were used to create a dynamic simulation model, calibrated to approach the real building as closely as possible, using the DesignBuilder software. Once the simulation model is completed and properly calibrated, it can be used to study the building's energy behavior as well as to analyze the impact of installing energy efficiency improvement measures. The computational model was calibrated and presented an error of 0.39% in relation to the real global consumption. Using the simulation data, it was possible to propose improvements to the building, mainly in relation to its surroundings, since high heat losses were found through the external walls and roof. Some proposals for installing thermal insulation in the surroundings were analyzed, among which it was possible to find a solution that met the minimum requirements for the thermal transmission coefficient of the surroundings of buildings for the Braganza climatic zone, where the building in study is located. It was estimated, through simulation, a reduction of 22% in the global consumption of the building, with a return on investment of around 14 years., It was also evaluated what were the reductions in heat loss by the building envelope and in the carbon dioxide emissions with the installation of the improvements.
Currently, residential and service buildings are responsible for a consumption of around 40% of final energy in Europe, while in Portugal, this number is around 30%. Due to the high demand for energy for this sector, concerns arise regarding the efficiency of its use. Thus, it is essential to study the energetic behavior of buildings, which consists of characterizing it and using, for example, multizone dynamic simulation tools, being certified and homologated by the ASHRAE 140 standard, to build a simulation model that can be used to perform the analysis of its energy performance. For this work, it was necessary to carry out a data survey in the building of the School of Health of the Polytechnic Institute of Braganza, including electrical and thermal loads, lighting and air conditioning systems, building plans and electricity and natural gas consumption bills of the last years. The data were used to create a dynamic simulation model, calibrated to approach the real building as closely as possible, using the DesignBuilder software. Once the simulation model is completed and properly calibrated, it can be used to study the building's energy behavior as well as to analyze the impact of installing energy efficiency improvement measures. The computational model was calibrated and presented an error of 0.39% in relation to the real global consumption. Using the simulation data, it was possible to propose improvements to the building, mainly in relation to its surroundings, since high heat losses were found through the external walls and roof. Some proposals for installing thermal insulation in the surroundings were analyzed, among which it was possible to find a solution that met the minimum requirements for the thermal transmission coefficient of the surroundings of buildings for the Braganza climatic zone, where the building in study is located. It was estimated, through simulation, a reduction of 22% in the global consumption of the building, with a return on investment of around 14 years., It was also evaluated what were the reductions in heat loss by the building envelope and in the carbon dioxide emissions with the installation of the improvements.
Description
Mestrado de dupla diplomação com o Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais – CEFET-MG
Keywords
Eficiência energética Simulação dinâmica multizona de edifícios DesignBuilder