Influência do regime hídrico no comportamento fisiológico, agronómico e qualidade da produção em culturas mediterrânicas.

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Effects of regulated deficit irrigation and kaolin application on nut and kernel morphology of two almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) varieties

Publication . Barreales, David; Capitão, Susana dos Anjos; Monteiro, Ângela Marina Alves; Rodrigues, M.A.; Ribeiro, A.C.

The cultivation of almond trees has undergone a great increase in recent years in Mediterranean countries.

2020Conference object

Open access

Influence of sustained deficit irrigation and foliar kaolin application on almond kernel composition

Publication . Barreales, David; Pereira, J.A.; Casal, Susana; Ribeiro, A.C.

Deficit irrigation and kaolin foliar application are agronomic practices that have been demonstrated to improve productivity and physiological response in almond trees but there is no consistent information on the effects on the kernel composition. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different Sustainable Deficit Irrigation (SDI) strategies and kaolin application on some physicochemical composition of the cv Ferragn`es almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb). A randomized block design with five treatments was developed: nonirrigation (NI), non-irrigation with foliar kaolin application (NI+K), full irrigation (FI), and two levels of SDI receiving 70% and 35% of evapotranspiration (SDI75 and SDI35). Pomological parameters, volatile profile and oil composition were analyzed. SDI effect on kernel weight was reduced against full irrigation (FI) but substantially improved in comparison with the rainfed treatments (NI and NI+K). Irrigation treatments showed a lower volatile compounds concentration in comparison with rainfed treatment. The fatty acid composition of the oil was significantly affected, with all the irrigated treatments having higher oleic acid contents than the rainfed treatments, and therefore an expected increased shelf life. Kaolin application had no positive effects on the nonirrigated trees, other than an apparent increase in the total volatiles, a tendency also observed in the NI. Moderate water stress levels (SDI35) improved the synthesis of tocopherols compared to NI, FI and SDI70, which could be related to the adaptation of the almond tree to drought. SDI35 is therefore regarded as a very interesting approach, with significant improvements in comparison with non-irrigated trees, and a clear saving on water against full irrigation without significant pomological and chemical alterations.

2023Journal article

Open access

Influence of pruning system and deficit irrigation on grapevine physiology, yield and grape quality of cv. Sousão (Vitis vinifera L.) growing under Mediterranean conditions

Publication . Barreales, David; Capitão, Susana dos Anjos; Monteiro, Ângela Marina Alves; Andrade, João Verdial; Ribeiro, A.C.

Different strategies are currently being sought to mitigate the effects of grapevine summer water stress. Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI) is a strategy that has been successfully adapted. Also, some pruning systems have been identified as capable of influencing vine water balance. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of two RDI strategies and two pruning systems on grapevine physiology, yield and grape quality of the Sousão variety grown under Mediterranean conditions. This study was conducted in an organic vineyard in northeastern Portugal (41º31´N; 7º5´W; 326 m a.s.l.), planted in 2011 with 1103 P rootstock. The pruning systems, single Cordon and single Guyot were established in 2013. In 2019, three irrigation treatments were implemented: a full irrigation control, FI (100% ETc), and two deficit irrigations treatments, RDI25 (25% ETc) and RDI50 (50% of ETc). During the growing season, grapevine water status and physiological parameters were monitored. At harvest, yield, yield components, and grape composition were evaluated and analyzed. The results showed that the vines under an RDI regime presented significantly lower leaf water potential values than those under FI in both pruning systems. Therefore, the physiological performance was affected by decreasing its stomatal conductance, transpiration, and photosynthesis. However, the lower physiological performance did not significantly affect yield. No significant differences were observed in total soluble solids and total acidity regarding the grape composition. However, there was an increase in anthocyanins and phenolic compounds in grapes with less irrigation.

2022Conference paper

Open access

Adapting almond production to climate change through deficit irrigation and foliar kaolin application in a mediterranean climate

Publication . Barreales, David; Capitão, Susana dos Anjos; Bento, Albino; Casquero, Pedro Antonio; Ribeiro, A.C.

Irrigation is the best strategy to reduce the adverse effects of water stress on almond trees [Prunus dulcis (Mill) D.A. Web] and improve their productivity. However, in the current context of climatic change, in which the amount of water available for irrigation is increasingly limited, deficit irrigation (DI) strategies have become essential in the almond orchards of southern Europe. Other practices, such as the foliar application of reflective compounds, are being implemented. A three-year experiment (2019–2021) was set in a factorial design in which the effect of regulated deficit irrigation and foliar kaolin spray was evaluated on physiological (predawn leaf water potential, relative water content, leaf area, leaf gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence) and agronomic parameters (yield, yield components, and water use efficiency (WUE)). The treatments include full irrigation (FI), which received 100% of ETc (crop evapotranspiration) during all irrigation seasons; regulated deficit irrigation (RDI), which received 100% of ETc until the kernel-filling stage, reducing the application to 35% ETc during the kernel-filling stage until harvest; and both irrigation regimes combined with kaolin application and two cultivars, Constantí and Vairo. More negative water potential values were observed in the RDI treatments compared to the FI treatments. There were no significant differences in the stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, or transpiration rate between treatments with RDI and FI, demonstrating the almond tree’s good adaptation to irrigation reduction in the kernel-filling stage. The two cultivars had different responses in cumulative yield throughout the three years of the trial. The cv. Constantí did not present significant differences between the FI and RDI treatments, translating into improved WUE. In contrast, the cv. Vairo suffered a reduction in accumulated performance in the RDI treatments with respect to the FI. The foliar application of kaolin did not present differences in yield and very few in the physiological activity of the almond trees. With the results obtained, we can suggest that under the conditions of our experiment, the combination of RDI and the kaolin foliar application can help save irrigation water and produce almonds more sustainably.

2023Journal article

Open access

Influencia del riego deficitario en la fisiología y la productividad del cv. Negrinha de Freixo (Olea europaea L.) destinado a aceituna de mesa.

Publication . Barreales, David; Capitão, Susana dos Anjos; Monteiro, Ângela Marina Alves; Fernandes-Silva, Anabela; Ribeiro, A.C.

El Cv. Negrinha de Freixo se cultiva en la región de Tras-os-Montes, NE de Portugal. Aunque es utilizada para aceite, sus cualidades son óptimas para aceituna de mesa, lo que le ha ayudado a conseguir una DOP. Originalmente, su cultivo ha sido en secano, pero en la actualidad el riego se está imponiendo mayoritariamente, dado que el cambio climático está afectando de forma muy negativa a su rentabilidad en secano. Como el agua disponible para riego es muy limitada, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la respuesta fisiológica y la productividad de este cultivar en dos regímenes hídricos, establecidos a través de la evapotranspiración del cultivo (ETc): Riego Total (RT) (100%ETc); Riego Deficitario (RD) (60%ETc) y un control en Secano (S). El experimento tuvo lugar durante dos años (2019-2020) en una parcela (lat. 41° 21' N; long. 7° 02' W; alt. 250m) con olivos de 30 años de edad, con marco de plantación de 5 x 6m y riego por goteo. El riego comenzó en junio y finalizo en septiembre. A lo largo de estos meses se realizaron mediciones fisiológicas (potencial hídrico, intercambio gaseoso) y en el mes de octubre se realizó la recolección, registrando la producción individual de 6 árboles de cada tratamiento. Los resultados indicaron una mejora significativa en la actividad fotosintética y en los parámetros de productividad de los tratamientos con riego. El riego deficitario puede ser una de las mejores estrategias para mejorar la rentabilidad del olivo para aceituna de mesa y limitar el consumo del agua de riego.

2021Conference paper

Open access