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- Biofeedback system in remotely monitored exercise program in pregnant women with obesity: a pre-experimental researchPublication . Bernardo, Diana; Carvalho, Carlos; Leirós Rodrígues, Raquel; Martins, Cristina; Morais, Joana; Mota, Jorge; Santos, Paula ClaraE-health programs may be an excellent strategy to overcome some barriers related to the non-practice of exer- cise among pregnant women with obesity. This study aims to present a monitored exercise program for pregnant women with obesity using the Sword Phoenix® biofeedback system; and to evaluate pregnant women's perception of the biofeedback system and the exer- cise program protocol. Methods: A pre-experimental research was done through a One-shot case study design. Twelve pregnant women with Body Mass Index ≥ 30 kg/m2 , were invited to perform for two weeks a home-based structured exercise program protocol with a digital biofeedback system, during exercise the women used an accelerometer to measure the intensity of the exercises. At the end of the two-week exercise period, the pregnant women filled in a questionnaire to assess their perception of usability, satisfaction, safety and motivation regarding exercise program and biofeedback system. Results: The accelerometry results indicate that, during the exercise program protocol, the pregnant women spent 79.3% of the time in moderate activities. The adherence to the program had an average performance of 40%. The results of the questionnaire demonstrated that 100% (n=12) of the participants enjoyed the system and recognized it as a safe instrument with the potential to increase physical activity during pregnancy. Discussion: The biofeedback system can be a useful tool for implementing an exercise program for pregnant women with obesity. The proposed exercise program complies with international recommendations for physical exercise during pregnancy, ensuring safety. Additionally, it reduces the team intervention, increases participant motivation, and has the potential to reduce sedentary behavior in pregnant women with obesity
- Influence of physical activity on self-esteem and anxiety during pregnancy: a longitudinal prospective studyPublication . Santos, Paula Clara; Bernardo, Diana; Abdalla, Pedro Pugliesi; Leirós-Rodríguez, Raquel; Silva, Leonardo Santos Lopes; Mesquita, Cristina Carvalho; Mota, Jorge; Machado, DalmoWomen’s pregnancy increases the odds of developing anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem. Physical activity can reduce the severity of maternal mental disorders and postpartum symptoms. The aim was to evaluate self-esteem, anxiety, and physical activity patterns among healthy pregnant women during three gestational trimesters (GTs). (2) Methods: A longitudi- nal prospective study involving 248 Portuguese pregnant women, monitored for a year during all GTs, was conducted. Self-reported questionnaires were used to collect personal and obstetric data, and Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale, Zung Anxiety Scale, and a Pregnancy Physical Activity Ques- tionnaire were applied. (3) Results: A total of 152 women presented valid follow-up data considered for analysis. All test scores do not present normality (p < 0.001). Over the gestational trimesters, the Zung anxiety scores did not show a significant change between GTs. However, the self-esteem values reduced significantly from 1st to 2nd GT: (1st GT = 43.94 (±9.94) [95%CI: 42.37 to 45.53]; 2nd GT = 27.27 (±9.64) [95%CI: 25.74 to 28.81]; 3rd GT = 25.71 (±10.52) [95%CI: 24.04 to 27.39]; p < 0.001), remaining stable in the last GT. Moderate to vigorous (2nd GT = 73.43 (±88.69) [95%CI: 59.34 to 87.54]; 3rd GT = 65.05 (±82.65) [95%CI: 51.92 to 78.19]; p = 0.008), vigorous (1st GT = 0.45 (±3.95) [95%CI: 0.83 to 2.08]; 2nd GT = 1.63 (±3.52) [95%CI: 1.07 to 2.19]; 3rd GT = 0.81 (±2.16) [95%CI: 0.46 to 1.15]; p = 0.0475), and light (2nd GT = 101.68 (±48.77) [95%CI: 93.93 to 109.44]; 3rd GT = 98.42 (±49.05) [95%CI: 90.62 to 106.22]; p < 0.001) physical activity levels were significantly reduced throughout the GTs, but the time spent in sedentary activities did not change. (4) Conclusions: In this follow-up study, it was possible to identify a critical point in the 2nd GT, when the drastic reduction in physical activity levels coincided with periods of lower self-esteem scores. However, anxiety levels do not seem to change over GTs.
- Influence of physical activity on self-esteem and anxiety during pregnancy: a longitudinal prospective studyPublication . Santos, Paula Clara; Bernardo, Diana; Silva, D.; Mesquita, C.; Mota, J.; Lopes, S.; Machado, D.Pregnancy is a transformative period often accompanied by psychological changes. Evidence shows increased susceptibility to anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem during this period. Physical activity (PA) has been shown to alleviate maternal mental health disorders and improve postpartum outcomes. Purpose: To evaluate self-esteem, anxiety, and PA patterns across the three gestational trimesters (GTs) in healthy pregnant women.
- Physical activity during pregnancy: associations between levels and types of physical activity and low back pain–related disability in portuguese pregnant womenPublication . Teixeira, Isabel; Santos, Paula Clara; Festas, Clarinda; Bernardo, DianaLow back pain (LBP) is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal conditions during pregnancy and frequently impairs daily living activities and quality of life. The association between different levels and types of physical activity (PA) and LBP-related functional disability remains insufficiently explored. This study aimed to examine the association between PA levels and types and functional disability among pregnant women with LBP. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted involving 192 Portuguese pregnant women. Data were collected through an online questionnaire comprising the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Most participants engaged predominantly in light-intensity or sedentary activity (69.1%), with minimal participation in vigorous activity (0.8%). Functional disability was generally mild (mean ODI = 11.5 ± 7.35); however, 42.2% of participants reported moderate disability and 11.0% severe disability. Advancing gestational age showed weak associations with increased domestic activity (r = 0.146, p = 0.044), decreased occupational activity (r = −0.295, p = 0.001), and higher functional disability scores (r = 0.142, p = 0.049). Parity was associated with differences in total PA levels (p = 0.005) and domestic activity (p = 0.001). Higher ODI scores were weakly associated with light-intensity and sedentary activity (r = 0.144, p = 0.047), whereas severe disability demonstrated a moderate association with sedentary behavior (r = 0.529, p = 0.014). Overall, lower levels of PA, particularly sedentary behavior, were weakly associated with higher LBP-related disability; however, the observed associations were generally weak and should be interpreted with caution considering the cross-sectional design.