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- Applications of bioactive compounds extracted from olive industry wastes: a reviewPublication . Margaça, Fernanda M.A.; Santos‐Buelga, Celestino; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.; Cabo Verde, Sandra; Barros, LillianThe wastes generated during the olive oil extraction process, even if presenting a negative impact for the environment, contain several bioactive compounds that have considerable health benefits. After suitable extraction and purification, these compounds can be used as food antioxidants or as active ingredients in nutraceutical and cosmetic products due to their interesting technological and pharmaceutical properties. The aim of this review, after presenting general applications of the different types of wastes generated from this industry, is to focus on the olive pomace produced by the two-phase system and to explore the challenging applications of the main individual compounds present in this waste. Hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, oleuropein, oleuropein aglycone, and verbascoside are the most abundant bioactive compounds present in olive pomace. Besides their antioxidant activity, these compounds also demonstrated other biological properties such as antimicrobial, anticancer, or anti-inflammatory, thus being used in formulations to produce pharmaceutical and cosmetic products or in the fortification of food. Nevertheless, it is mandatory to involve both industries and researchers to create strategies to valorize these byproducts while maintaining environmental sustainability.
- Microbial and pest contamination in nuts: Radio frequency disinfestation and controlled atmosphere preservation – A reviewPublication . Liberal, Ângela; Fernandes, Ângela; Moreira, Jorge; Fernandes, Natércia; Gonçalves, Alexandre; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.; Barros, LillianNuts are increasingly recognized for their rich nutritional profile and bioactive potential, making them a sig- nificant economic contributor globally. However, the commercialization of nuts necessitates stringent quality control measures to mitigate infestations by insect pests and microorganisms, which can lead to rapid deterio- ration both pre- and post-harvest. Contamination often arises from inadequate practices in harvesting, packaging, storage, and transportation, heightening the risk of pathogen infection and mycotoxin contamination. To address these challenges, innovative preservation techniques are essential for enhancing food safety and extending shelf- life without compromising quality. Radiofrequency (RF) technology has emerged as a promising solution in food processing, utilizing volumetric heating for effective disinfestation, pathogen pasteurization, drying, and blanching while maintaining product integrity. In contrast, Controlled Atmosphere (CA) storage employs gas composition control to create low-oxygen environments that inhibit microbial growth during storage. This re- view aims to provide a comprehensive overview of nut safety and preservation by identifying key contamination sources and the microorganisms that target nuts. It will analyze the effectiveness of RF and CA technologies in preserving and decontaminating nuts. By exploring these advanced methods, this study highlights their potential to surpass conventional processes, ultimately improving nut safety and quality throughout the supply chain.
- Nutritional and bioactive oils from salmon (Salmo salar) side streams obtained by Soxhlet and optimized microwave-assisted extractionPublication . Pinela, José; Mandim, Filipa; Heleno, Sandrina A.; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.; Barba, Francisco Jose; Berrada, Houda; Caleja, Cristina; Barros, Lillian; Fuente, Beatriz de laThe efficiency of the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique on recovering nutritional and bioactive oils from salmon (Salmo salar) side streams was evaluated and compared to Soxhlet extraction. The response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with a central composite rotatable design was used to optimize time, microwave power, and solid/liquid ratio of the MAE process in terms of oil yield. The optimal MAE conditions were 14.6 min, 291.9 W, 80.1 g/L for backbones, 10.8 min, 50.0 W, 80.0 g/L for heads, and 14.3 min, 960.6 W, 99.5 g/L for viscera, which resulted in a recovery of 69% of the total lipid content for backbones and heads and 92% for viscera. The oils obtained under optimal MAE conditions showed a healthy lipid profile as well as cytotoxic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, or antimicrobial properties. These results highlight that oils from underutilized salmon by-products could be exploited by different industrial sectors under the circular economy approach.
- Nutritional value and chemical composition of three types of Petroselinum crispum leavesPublication . Ardohain, Elizandra; Fernandes, Ângela; Polyzos, Nikolaos; Petropoulos, Spyridon Α.; Pinela, José; Moreira, Glaucia; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.; Barros, LillianPetroselinum crispum Mill. Nym., commonly known as parsley, is an aromatic herb used to garnish and to give flavour and odour to dishes and salads [1]. The most common parsley types in the Mediterranean region are Petroselinum crispum ssp. neapolitanum (plain-leafed) and Petroselinum crispum ssp. crispum (curly- and bioactive properties, such as the genotype, the irrigation regime, the planting density, the sowing date and the climate conditions. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the crop diversification through the determination of the nutritional value and the chemical composition of leaves from twenty-five plain-leafed, curly-leafed and turnip-rooted parsley (Petroselinum crispum ssp. tuberosum) cultivars, cultivated in central Greece. The proximate composition was evaluated by AOAC official procedures, free sugars and tocopherols were determined using liquid chromatography coupled to a refraction index (HPLC-RI) and fluorescence (HPLC-FL) detectors, respectively. Fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and organic acids by ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled to a diode detector (UPLC-DAD) [1]. The plain and curly-leafed type contains higher amount of fat and energy than the turnip-rooted one, protein content was higher in the curly-leafed and turnip-rooted type and no significant differences were observed between the three types in terms of the carbohydrates content. The total sugars content did not differ significantly among the tested -- linolenic and linoleic acid followed by palmitic acid, while only linoleic acid content differed among the cultivar types. The curly-leafed type contains the highest amount of malic, citric and total organic acids, whereas the highest oxalic acid content was recorded in both curly-leafed and turnip-rooted type. The results of our study showed a great variability in the nutritional value parameters and the chemical composition of twenty-five parsley cultivars from three distinct types, which indicates the great potential of the valorization of the existing genotypes to increase the agrobiodiversity and introduce the turnip-rooted type in the Mediterranean region.
- Phytochemical composition and nutritional value of pot-grown turnip-rooted and plain and curly-leafed parsley cultivarsPublication . Fernandes, Ângela; Polyzos, Nikolaos; Petropoulos, Spyridon Α.; Pinela, José; Ardohain, Elizandra; Moreira, Glaucia; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.; Barros, LillianIn the present study plant growth, nutritional value and chemical composition of leaves from twenty-five plain-leafed, curly-leafed and turnip-rooted parsley cultivars were evaluated. Total fresh yield was higher for the plain-leafed cv. Rialto Bejo: 192 ± 11 g/pot, while significant differences were observed between the three types in the nutritional parameters, except for the carbohydrates content. The most abundant organic acid was malic acid (5.22–6.88 g/100 g dw), while the total sugars content did not differ significantly among the tested cultivar types. α-tocopherol was the major tocopherol detected in amount that ranged between 14.76–30.32 mg/100 g dw. The main fatty acids were α-linolenic and linoleic followed by palmitic acid, while only linoleic acid content being different among the cultivar types. In conclusion, the existing diversity in the parsley genotypes could be valorised to increase the agrobiodiversity in the broader Mediterranean region through the introduction of less cultivated curly-leafed and turnip-rooted types.
- Chemical and bioactive characterization of blueberry bioresiduesPublication . Plasência, Paula; Heleno, S.A.; Garcia, Pablo; Barreiro, Filomena; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.; Barros, LillianBlueberry production has increased exponentially in recent decades due to its known high nutritional characteristics, and bioresidues originating from its culture have also increased. It is critical to limit its buildup. One strategy for directing these residues is to turn them into high-value products while investigating their potential bioactivity. The goal of this study was to produce bioactive extracts from blueberry aerial parts using environmentally friendly methods. Different extracts, such as infusion, maceration, and decoction, were considered, as well as emerging extraction technologies, such as ultrasound-assisted extraction, in which different conditions (potency, temperature, and solvent type) were tested to achieve optimal extraction conditions (high yields and purity). The obtained extracts were studied regarding their chemical profile through phenolic compound´s identification and quantification by HPLC-DAD-MS.
- Sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and sea bream (Sparus aurata) head oils recovered by microwave-assisted extraction: nutritional quality and biological propertiesPublication . Fuente, Beatriz de la; Pinela, José; Calhelha, Ricardo C.; Heleno, Sandrina A.; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.; Barba, Francisco Jose; Berrada, Houda; Caleja, Cristina; Barros, LillianMicrowave-assisted extraction (MAE) and Soxhlet extraction (SE) were used to obtain oil from European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) heads. The MAE technique allowed the recovery of more than 50% of the total lipid con- tent for both fish by-products in less than 11 min extraction. Based on their fatty acid composition, all fish head oils presented a healthy lipid profile and were found to be a good source of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 11–14%). Different lipid quality indices also revealed their cardiovascular protective potential. Oils obtained by MAE showed higher antibacterial and antifungal effects against food pathogens than those extracted by SE. Cellular antioxidant activity (29–35% oxidation inhibition) and anti-inflammatory poten- tial via NO production inhibition (IC50 = 14–21 μg/mL) were evaluated using murine macrophages cells (RAW 264.7). The highest cytotoxic effect (GI50 = 38–46 μg/mL) of fish head oils was observed against breast cancer cells (MCF-7). These results showed that sea bass and gilthead sea bream heads could be exploited for the production of oil with nu- tritional and bioactive properties in line with circular bioeconomy concepts.
- Biotechnological approaches for reducing antinutrients and enhancing lentil (Lens culinaris) flours qualityPublication . Liberal, Ângela; Fernandes, Ângela; Pires, Tânia C.S.P.; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.; Vívar-Quintana, Ana Maria; Barros, LillianThis study explores the effects of germination and cooking as pretreatments, followed by fermentation using different starter cultures on the physicochemical, nutritional, and techno-functional properties of Beluga and Du Puy lentil flours, focusing on reducing antinutritional factors and enhancing nutrient bioavailability. Fermentation was conducted using lactic acid bacteria (Furfurilactobacillus rossiae and Lactobacillus brevis) and a probiotic yeast (Saccharomyces boulardii) as starter cultures, individually and in combination. Results showed significant improvements in protein content, which increased by up to 38.4 g/100 g dry weight (dw) in Beluga lentils, and γ-tocopherol levels, which reached 8.15 mg/100 g dw after fermentation with L. brevis. Also, in Beluga lentils, germination followed by fermentation with F. rossiae and S. boulardii reduced carbohydrates to 57.7 g/100 g dw. Germination alone enhanced sucrose concentrations to 4.09 g/100 g dw and 4.44 g/100 g dw both Beluga and Du Puy lentils, respectively, while fermentation reduced its levels and promoted glucose production, reaching up to 1.02 g/100 g dw. Reduction in antinutritional factors was notable, with decreased phytic acid and condensed tannins concentration. Techno-functional properties such as water and oil holding capacity, and emulsifying capacity also improved significantly across treatments, enhancing the versatility of lentil flours in diverse food applications. These results highlight the potential of tailored processing techniques to enhance the physico-chemical profile of lentils, providing a foundation for their use in developing nutrient-dense, plant-based food products. Such innovations offer sustainable alternatives to traditional food sources, aligning with the growing demand for high-yield, environmentally friendly options.
- New trends from fungi secondary metabolism in the pharmaceutical industryPublication . Calhelha, Ricardo C.; Shiraishi, Carlos S.H.; Ribeiro, Lúcia Marisa Maia; Carocho, Márcio; Abreu, Rui M.V.; Coutinho, Paula; Barros, Lillian; Vaz, Josiana A.; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that can produce a wide range of secondary metabolites with a significant impact on society. Some metabolites are exploited for their activity as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and anti-microbial agents, and in the production of cancer vaccines, among other pharmaceutical applications. Since the discovery of penicillin, the pharmaceutical industry has been greatly interested in fungi as sources of natural bioactive compounds, and fungi metabolites have made an indispensable contribution to improving human and animal health throughout the last decades. Starting with the development of antibiotics, the pharmaceutical industry has increasingly turned to these compounds for a variety of applications. The increase in the number of patents registered worldwide is a strong indicator that the market realizes the great potential of fungi secondary metabolites. In general, the pharmaceutical industry trend is centered on adopting different strategies to discover new drugs, and fungi secondary metabolites are viewed as having significant potential. This chapter explores the current pharmaceutical applications of secondary metabolites found in fungi. Initially, the most recent mushroom studies and their commercial pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical applications are explored. An overview of the different classes of fungi secondary metabolites with biologically relevant activities is then presented. Recently marine fungi were found to be a rich source of secondary metabolites. Due to the recent relevancy of marine fungi, an overview of marine fungi secondary metabolites with relevant pharmaceutical-related activities is also presented. Finally, the potential of fungi metabolites as a source of natural pigments and the methodologies used to characterize and explore fungi secondary metabolites are also analyzed.
- 10º Encontro Nacional de Cromatografia: livro de resumosPublication . Peres, António M. (Ed.); Barros, Lillian (Ed.); Dias, L.G. (Ed.); Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R. (Ed.)Este livro contém os resumos de todas as comunicações apresentadas no 10º Encontro Nacional de Cromatografia, realizado no Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, de 4 a 6 de Dezembro de 2017