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- SPEM 2.0 extension for pervasive information systemsPublication . Fernandes, José Eduardo; Machado, Ricardo J.Pervasive computing is a research field of computing technology that aims to achieve a new computing paradigm. In this paradigm, the physical environment has a high degree of pervasiveness and availability of computers and other information technology (IT) devices, usually with communication capabilities. Pervasive Information Systems (PIS), composed by these kinds of devices, bring issues that challenge software development for them. Model-Driven Development (MDD), strongly focusing and relying on models, has the potential to allow: the use of concepts closer to the domain and the reduction of semantic gaps; higher automation and lower dependency to technological changes; higher capture of expert knowledge and reuse; an overall increased productivity. Along with the focus and use of models, software development processes are fundamental to efficient development efforts of successful software systems. For the description of processes, Software & Systems Process Engineering Meta-Model Specification (SPEM) is the current standard specification published by the Object Management Group (OMG). This paper presents an extension to SPEM (version 2.0) Base Plug-In Profile that includes stereotypes needed to support a suitable structural process organization for MDD approaches aiming to develop software for PIS. A case study is provided to evaluate the applicability of the extension.
- Model-driven development for pervasive information systemsPublication . Fernandes, José Eduardo; Machado, Ricardo J.; Carvalho, João ÁlvaroThis chapter focuses on design methodologies for pervasive information systems (PIS). It aims to contribute to the efficiency and effectiveness of software development of ubiquitous services/applications supported on pervasive information systems. Pervasive information systems are comprised of conveniently orchestrated embedded or mobile computing devices that offer innovative ways to support existing and new business models. Those systems are characterized as having a potentially large number of interactive heterogeneous embedded/mobile computing devices that collect, process, and communicate information. Also, they are the target of technological innovations. Therefore, changes in requirements or in technology require frequent modifications of software at device and system levels. Software design and evolution for those require suitable approaches that consider such demands and characteristics of pervasive information systems. Model-driven development approaches (which essentially centre the focus of development on models, and involve concepts such as Platform-Independent Models, Platform-Specific Models, model transformations, and use of established standards) currently in research at academic and industrial arenas in the design of large systems, offer potential benefits that can be applied to the design and evolution of these pervasive information systems. In this chapter, we raise issues and propose strategies related to the software development of PIS using a model-driven development perspective.
- A case studies approach to the analysis of profiling and framing structures for pervasive information systemsPublication . Fernandes, José Eduardo; Machado, Ricardo J.; Carvalho, João ÁlvaroModel-Based/Driven Development (MDD) constitutes an approach to software design and development that potentially contributes to: concepts closer to domain and reduction of semantic gaps, automation andless sensitivity to technological changes, and the capture of expert knowledge and reuse. The widespread adoption of pervasive technologies as basis for new systems and applications lead to the need of effectively design pervasive information systems that properly fulfil the goals they were designed for. This paper presents a profiling and framing structure approach for the development of Pervasive Information Systems (PIS). This profiling and framing structure allows the organization of the functionality that can be assigned to computational devices in a system and of the corresponding development structures and models, being. The proposed approach enables a structural approach to PIS development. The paper also presents two case studies that allowed demonstrating the applicability of the approach.
- Development framework pattern for pervasive information systemsPublication . Fernandes, José Eduardo; Machado, Ricardo J.During last decade, the world watched a social acceptance of computing and computers, enhanced information technology devices, wireless networks, and Internet; they gradually became a fundamental resource for individuals. Nowadays, people, organizations, and the environment are empowered by computing devices and systems; they depend on services offered by modern Pervasive Information Systems supported by complex software systems and technology. Research on software development for PIS-delivered information, on issues and challenges on software development for them, and several other contributions have been delivered. Among these contributions are a development framework for PIS, a profiling and framing structure approach, and a SPEM 2.0 extension. This chapter, revisiting these contributions, provides an additional contribution: a pattern to support the use of the development framework and profiling approach on software development for PIS. This contribution completes a first series of contributions for the development of PIS. This chapter also presents a case study that allowed demonstrating the applicability of these contributions
- Profiling and framing structures for pervasive information systems developmentPublication . Fernandes, José Eduardo; Machado, Ricardo J.; Carvalho, João ÁlvaroPervasive computing is a research field of computing technology that aims to achieve a new computing paradigm. Software engineering has been, since its existence, subject of research and improvement in several areas of interest. Model-Based/Driven Development (MDD) constitutes an approach to software design and development that potentially contributes to: concepts closer to domain and reduction of semantic gaps; automation and less sensitivity to technological changes; capture of expert knowledge and reuse. This paper presents a profiling and framing structure approach for the development of Pervasive Information Systems (PIS). This profiling and framing structure allows the organization of the functionality that can be assigned to computational devices in a system and of the corresponding development structures and models, being. The proposed approach enables a structural approach to PIS development. The paper also presents a case study that allowed demonstrating the applicability of the approach
- A V-model approach for business process requirements elicitation in cloud designPublication . Ferreira, Nuno; Santos, Nuno; Machado, Ricardo J.; Fernandes, José Eduardo; Gasevic, DraganThe benefits of cloud computing approaches are well known but designing logical architectures for that context can be difficult. When there are insufficient inputs for a typical (product) approach to requirements elicitation, a process-level perspective is an alternative way for achieving the intended logical design. We present a V-Model based approach to derive logical architectural models to execute in the different cloud layers from a process-level perspective, instead of the traditional product-level perspective. This V-Model approach encompasses the initial definition of the project goals and the process-level perspective of the systems intended logical architecture. The approach application results in the creation of a validated process-level structure and behavior architectural models that create a context for eliciting requirements for a cloud product. Throughout this process, we assess our decisions based on the ARID method to identify process vulnerabilities and evaluate the quality of the derived logical architecture. We introduce a case study where our approach was applied and the resulting logical architectural model is presented.
- Model-driven development for pervasive information systemsPublication . Fernandes, José Eduardo; Machado, Ricardo J.; Carvalho, João ÁlvaroThis chapter focus on design methodologies for pervasive information systems (PIS). It aims to contribute for the efficiency and effectiveness on software development of ubiquitous services/applications supported on pervasive information systems. Pervasive information systems are composed of conveniently orchestrated embedded or mobile computing devices that offer innovative ways to support existing and new business models. Those systems are characterized as having a potential large number of interactive heterogeneous embedded/mobile computing devices that collect, process, and communicate information. Additionally, they are target of high rates of technological innovations. Therefore, changes on requirements or in technology demands for frequent modifications on software at device and system levels. Software design and evolution for those requires suitable approaches that cope with such demands and characteristics of pervasive information systems. Model-driven development approaches (which essentially centre the focus of development on models, and involves concepts such as Platform-Independent Models, Platform-Specific Models, model transformations, and use of established standards) currently in research at academic and industrial arenas to design of large systems, offer potential benefits that can be applied to design and evolution of these pervasive information systems. In this chapter, we raise issues and propose strategies related to the software development of PIS using a model-driven development perspective.
- Conceitos em sistemas de informação: UML e a sua adequação ao FRISCOPublication . Fernandes, José EduardoA área de Sistemas de Informação tem sido invadida de conceitos mal definidos e terminologia mal empregue, juntamente com metodologias e linguagens não solidamente fundamentadas. Tal tem sido motivo de preocupação para a comunidade de sistemas de informação e alvo de estudos no sentido de analisar, sugerir ou propor formas mais correctas e fundamentadas de expressar o conhecimento e de estabelecer a comunicação. O relatório FRISCO (“Framework of Information System Concepts”) realizado pelo “IFIP WG 8.1 Task Group FRISCO” é um destes estudos, no qual se propõe um esquema de conceitos entendidos como relevantes para a área de sistemas de informação, os quais permitam, juntamente com uma terminologia adequada, uma comunicação mais clara, efectiva e não ambígua na área sistemas de informação. Paralelamente, a linguagem UML (“Unified Modeling Language”) surgiu e tornou-se como um standard na modelação de sistemas orientados a objectos, a qual sendo destinada essencialmente para a modelação de sistemas de software, advoga na sua especificação a flexibilidade para ser usada para a modelação de outros sistemas que não de software. Este estudo pretende analisar até que ponto a linguagem UML é adequada para a descrição/modelação de sistemas de informação, com base no esquema de conceitos de sistemas de informação proposto pelo FRISCO. É feita uma breve introdução a como o UML organiza e apresenta o seu metamodelo e, no que respeita ao FRISCO, também é feita uma breve apresentação focando os pressupostos ontológicos que sustentam a sua visão ontológica e a forma como foi construído o seu esquema de conceitos propostos. Para além de uma reflexão sobre várias questões que levantam dificuldades em considerar como suficiente a adequação do UML ao FRISCO, procede-se neste estudo a à análise da adequação do UML para representar cada um dos conceitos propostos pelo FRISCO. Desta análise é apresentada uma síntese das conclusões. Este trabalho enquadra-se nos domínios de ontologias, sistemas de conceitos e linguagens de modelação orientadas a objecto, e constitui um contributo para o esclarecimento de questões relativas a conceitos utilizados na modelação de sistemas de informação. The Information Systems area has been invaded with no sound basis concepts and terminology jointly with methodologies and languages. This has been a motive of concern to the information systems community and several studies are being made in order to analyse, suggest or recommend more correct and well-founded ways of expressing knowledge and establishing communication. The FRISCO (“Framework of Information System Concepts”) report of the IFIP WG 8.1 Task Group FRISCO is one of these studies; it suggests a scheme of concepts viewed as relevant to the information systems area, which may enable, together with the correct terminology, a more clear, effective and not ambiguous communication. At the same time the UML (“Unified Modeling Language”) language appeared and became standard in the modelling of object oriented systems which aims essentially to the modelling of software systems and has in its specification the flexibility to be used in the modelling of other systems. This study has the intention of analysing how well is the UML language suited to be used in the description/modelling of information systems with its basis on the scheme of concepts considered relevant by FRISCO. A brief introduction is done to the organization and to the presentation of the UML metamodel in its specification‟s document and, on what concerns to FRISCO, an introduction is also done focusing the ontological assumptions that sustain its ontological vision and the way the FRISCO built the schema of proposed concepts. Beyond a reflection about several issues that arise difficulties in accepting the UML as compatible to FRISCO‟s concepts, this study proceeds to the analysis of how well UML is suited to represent each of the FRISCO proposed concepts. From this analysis, a synthesis is elaborated. This study is a contribution to the elucidation of questions concerning the usage of concepts in information systems‟ modelling.
- Model-driven methodologies for pervasive information systems developmentPublication . Fernandes, José Eduardo; Machado, Ricardo J.; Carvalho, João ÁlvaroThis paper intends to introduce the concept of pervasive information systems (PIS) and the issues that arise from the software development for pervasive information systems. The model driven approach is generally described and its benefits to the software design are identified. Finally, some future directions for the usage of model driven methodologies within the development of PIS are highlighted, presenting some specific problems that nowadays that kind of methodologies have not yet been able to overcome.
- Conceitos em sistemas de informação: UML e sua adequação ao FRISCOPublication . Fernandes, José Eduardo; Carvalho, João ÁlvaroA área de Sistemas de Informação tem sido invadida de conceitos mal definidos e terminologia mal empregue, juntamente com metodologias e linguagens não solidamente fundamentadas. Tal tem sido motivo de preocupação para a comunidade de sistemas de informação e alvo de estudos no sentido de analisar, sugerir ou propor formas mais correctas e fundamentadas de expressar o conhecimento e de estabelecer a comunicação. O relatório FRISCO (“Framework of Information System Concepts”) realizado pelo “IFIP WG 8.1 Task Group FRISCO” é um destes estudos, no qual se propõe um esquema de conceitos entendidos como relevantes para a área de sistemas de informação, os quais permitam, juntamente com uma terminologia adequada, uma comunicação mais clara, efectiva e não ambígua na área sistemas de informação. Este estudo pretende analisar até que ponto a linguagem UML(“Unified Modeling Language”) será adequada para a descrição/modelação de sistemas de informação, com base no esquema de conceitos de sistemas de informação proposto pelo FRISCO (“Framework of Information System Concepts”). Este trabalho enquadra-se nos domínios de ontologias, sistemas de conceitos e linguagens de modelação orientadas a objecto, e constitui um contributo para o esclarecimento de questões relativas a conceitos utilizados na modelação de sistemas de informação.