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- Using jason framework to develop a multi-agent system to manage users and spaces in an adaptive environment systemPublication . Oliveira, Pedro Filipe; Novais, Paulo; Matos, PauloManage user preferences and local specifications on an IoT adaptive system is a actual problem. This paper uses Jason framework to develop a multi agent system to achieve a Smart Environment System, and supports interaction between persons and physical spaces, that users want to smartly adapt to their preferences in a transparent way. This work proposes a new approach, that has been developed using a multi agent system architecture with different layers to achieve a solution that entails all the proposed objectives. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021.
- Security constraints on an multi-agent system to manage users and spaces in an adaptive environment systemPublication . Oliveira, Pedro Filipe; Novais, Paulo; Matos, PauloAn actual problem on an IoT adaptive systems is to manage user preferences and local actuators specifications. This paper uses a multi agent system to achieve a Smart Environment System, that supports interaction between persons and physical spaces, that users smartly adapt to their preferences in a transparent way. This work proposes also a set of security customization’s to secure the actuators and users on space, that has been developed using a multi agent system architecture with different features to achieve a solution that achieve all the proposed objectives.
- Adaptive system to manage everyday user comfort preferencesPublication . Oliveira, Pedro Filipe; Novais, Paulo; Matos, PauloUrban mobility brings many challenges and opportunities, particularly regarding sustainability. It is natural that we want better living conditions, we are naturally given to consuming, even when there is no need, we increasingly want to travel, socialize, enjoy and it is not easy to accept that we will most likely have to change. It is no longer a distant future, but the present that we are living. Even in the face of successful solutions, receptivity is far from being massified and in most cases it imposes compromises in terms of comfort and quality of life, sometimes even imposing new habits and ways of being. In addition, not all of us have the same perception of the situation seriousness, or the same willingness to compromise. And this can happen for numerous reasons, namely physical or health limitations, financial limitations, different beliefs/motivations, or different ways of facing problems. It is even common that the staunchest defender of certain solutions, when faced with other equally plausible solutions, is completely insensitive or even opposed. In fact, the same individual may have different needs/preferences relatively to the place where he is or the activity he is performing, that is, preferences that vary with time and place. In a broader context of mobility, in which individuals in their daily lives move and visit different places, often with the presence of more people, the situation is even more complex, the variability of preferences increases, and it is necessary to combine preferences/needs of different individuals. Emerging technologies, within the Internet of Things (IoT) scope and smart spaces [1], allow us to aspire to capable solutions in line with the urban mobility and sustainability demands and, at the same time, to promote better conditions of comfort and well-being, without imposing sacrifices or changes in habits and considering the specificities of each individual, at different time and place. These solutions whose success depends in part on the autonomy of operation, not requiring any direct and conscious participation of people, for the ability to make the best decisions given the current context and future expectations, the context being defined by the characteristics of the environment. Including the dynamics, namely those resulting from the presence/involvement of people, but also for the transparency of action, not being evasive and, if possible, fulfilling its function without people realizing the existence of the technology/solution simply the most convenient happens. There are other factors that should not be neglected, such as those related to security and privacy. In this paper, the authors propose an architecture that considers these requirements so that, in a non-evasive way, it adapts the different spaces that the user frequents (house, work, leisure, others) to their personal preferences, such as temperature, humidity, sound, environment, etc. The architecture includes the different devices needed, to identify users, as well as the communication technologies to be used to transfer the preferences of each user to the system. The architecture includes a multi-agent system that allows managing conflicts of preferences through a user’s hierarchy and that considers safety values for each preference, to safeguard the different actuators (air conditioning, fan coils, multimedia, etc.) present in space. It was developed, focusing on the definition of each user's preferences in a smartphone application, which allows the user's preferences to be transferred to the space, without the need to perform any interaction, they can also be passed through smartwatches, fitness bracelets and similar devices, which currently have different communication technologies such as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Near Field Communication (NFC) or Wifi-Direct. It also contains a local processing solution, currently supported by a Raspberry Pi, and will be present in each space where we want to adapt to different preferences. Each of these systems constantly receives each present user preferences. Based on the multi-agent system, it calculates the optimal preferences to be applied to each space at a given time. It is also responsible for sending these to the different actuators present in the space. The multi-agent system has different layers (simulation, data acquisition, user information, actuation). Briefly, there is an agent for each user present, containing their preferences, and there is an agent that represents the pace, containing eventual constraints, such as security values and others that may exist, namely in public spaces. Each of these agents aims to represent the interests of the involved parties. For example, the agent representing the space should be focused on an efficient use of equipment, minimizing energy costs, enhancing the durability of the equipment, minimizing maintenance costs. Taking advantage of the different hierarchies, an equation was devised that meets the different preferences to define the optimal solution, which will be sent to the different actuators.
- Challenges in smart spaces: aware of users, preferences, behaviours and habitsPublication . Oliveira, Pedro Filipe; Novais, Paulo; Matos, PauloThere are new opportunities for research in the field of smart environments that should be explored. The concepts of smart homes and home automation, are currently in growing expansion in the scientific and research point of view, as the market demands for better solutions in this field. Users want that those spaces smartly adapt to their preferences in a transparent way. This paper describes the process of planning, reasoning and modeling of a Smart Environment, using emerging wearable devices on the market (smart watches, fitness trackers, etc.) and newer technologies like NFC, BLE and Wi-Fi Direct. Enabling the user to optimize the efficiency, comfort, and safety at the environments.
- Generating real context data to test user dependent systems - application to multi-agent systemsPublication . Oliveira, Pedro Filipe; Novais, Paulo; Matos, PauloThis paper, deals with the usually need of data to simulate behavior and efficiency of proposed solutions in several fields, and also knowing that personal data always bring privacy and security issues. This work wants to promote a balanced solution between the need of personal information and the user’s privacy expectations. We propose a solution to overcome these issues, and don’t compromise the balance between security and personal comfort based on generating real context data of users, that allow to test user dependent systems.
- Towards to secure an IoT adaptive environment systemPublication . Oliveira, Pedro Filipe; Pedrosa, Tiago; Novais, Paulo; Matos, PauloThis paper, deals with the actual problem of secure an IoT adaptive system, namely using secure techniques to secure a Smart Environment System, and the privacy of their users. On a new era of interaction between persons and physical spaces, users want that those spaces smartly adapt to their preferences in a transparent way. This work wants to promote a balanced solution between the need of personal information and the user’s privacy expectations. We propose a solution based on requiring the minimal information possible, together with techniques to anonymize and disassociate the preferences from the users.
- Multi-agent system to manage users and spaces in a adaptive environment systemPublication . Oliveira, Pedro Filipe; Novais, Paulo; Matos, PauloThis paper, deals with the current problem of managing user preferences and local specifications in an IoT adaptive system, namely using a multi-agent system to achieve a Smart Environment System. In a new era of interaction between persons and physical spaces, users want those spaces smartly adapt to their preferences in a transparent way. To achieve that, new approaches are needed. The Artificial Intelligence field continues with an exponential growth, especially in the applicability to different sectors. Currently, multi-agent systems have been used to solve diverse situations, particularly in the AmI field, which is characterized by the creation of ubiquitous environments, interconnecting different technologies to perform common tasks of the user’s daily life, autonomously, proactively and independently of the interaction of this. This project proposes also a solution using a multi-agent system, which includes a multi agent system architecture with different layers to achieve a solution that entails all the objectives put forward and later will be implemented and tested.
- Manage ambient comfort preferences and conflicts on a smart environmentPublication . Oliveira, Pedro Filipe; Novais, Paulo; Matos, PauloManaging comfort preferences conflicts of the different users and locals on an IoT adaptive system is an actual problem, this paper proposes a protocol and hierarchical rules to develop a multi-agent system to achieve a smart environment that supports interaction between persons and physical spaces, where spaces smartly adapt to their preferences in a transparent way. And a set of security customizations to secure the actuators and users on space, that has been developed using a multi-agent system architecture with different features to achieve a solution that support the proposed objectives. This work resulted in the specification of an architecture that supports the solution found, to solve the problem. The agent system model is fully developed. At this stage the agent layer was developed, implemented, and is now in a testing phase. Now it will be tested and validated using real case studies, to gather statistical information to assess its effectiveness and performance. With this work, the specification of constraints for all preferences specifications was achieved. In this way the safety of users and actuators present in space is achieved. Also, the total development of an architecture and respective cognitive model for a Smart Home was achieved, using a multi-agent system with BDI agents, developed using Jason and ARGO. The main objective of this work was to verify the potential that this type of architecture has for the development of ubiquitous multi-agent system using low-cost hardware, such as Raspberry’s.
- A multi-agent system to manage users and spaces in a adaptive environment systemPublication . Oliveira, Pedro Filipe; Novais, Paulo; Matos, PauloThis paper, deals with the actual problem of manage user preferences and local speci cations on an IoT adaptive system, namely using a multi agent system to achieve a Smart Environment System. On a new era of interaction between persons and physical spaces, users want those spaces smartly adapt to their preferences in a transparent way. To achieve that, new approaches are needed. In this project we develop a multi agent system architecture with di erent layers to achieve a solution that entails all the proposed objectives.
- Espaços inteligentes: conhecedores de utilizadores, preferências, comportamentos e hábitos numa abordagem não invasivaPublication . Oliveira, Pedro Filipe; Novais, Paulo; Matos, Paulo; Plasencia, PaulaEste projeto de doutoramento está integrado nas atividades de investigação aplicada e desenvolvimento tecnológico da Techwelf, Lda, empresa dedicada à conceção de soluções de Intelligent Environment. Como salientado em [6] existem novas perspectivas de pesquisa na área de ambientes inteligentes que devem ser exploradas. Nomeadamente os conceitos de casas inteligentes e domótica [7], atualmente em crescente expansão tanto do ponto de vista de investigação científica, como a nível de procura do mercado de melhores soluções neste campo. Pretende-se tirar partido das tecnologias emergentes que suportam os denominados dispositivos wearables [12, 13], e da particularidade não invasiva destes, para de forma autónoma adaptar o ambiente aos parâmetros de conforto de cada utilizador (térmico, acústico, qualidade do ar, luminosidade, exposição solar e outros). Isto promoverá as condições de conforto à medida de cada individuo, potenciando soluções inovadoras e novos paradigmas no âmbito dos Intelligent Environments [8, 11]. Para consolidar e sustentar o projeto proposto, foram analisados diversos artigos científicos para validar a originalidade e inovação do projeto. Pelo que se constata, atualmente a recolha de dados para análise de comportamentos em ambientes inteligentes é efetuada sobretudo recorrendo à instalação de diversos sensores dispersos pelo ambiente [1, 3]. Como se concluiu em [2], o sistema perfeito de aprendizagem para ambientes inteligentes ainda não foi encontrado, e qualquer contributo nesta área coloca-nos um passo mais próximo da verdadeira realidade de ambientes inteligentes. É ainda referida a necessidade e o desafio de estabelecer um novo paradigma eficaz para ambient intelligence, onde o foco passe a ser o utilizador e a capacidade de gerir a complexidade e riqueza da vida humana diária [2, 11]. Um problema recorrente neste campo é a gestão de conflitos de interesses [5, 9], entre diversos utilizadores para um mesmo espaço, que nesta proposta de solução pretende ser ultrapassado recorrendo a sistemas de multiagentes, assim como à recolha em tempo real de informação do utilizador (temperatura corporal, pulsação) [4]. Após a análise do estado da arte, podemos salientar o carácter de inovação científica e contributo que este projeto poderá trazer a esta área. Pois propõe-se neste projeto a conceção e desenvolvimento de soluções com vista a estabelecer um novo paradigma. Poder-se-á, recorrendo às tecnologias e dispositivos wearables emergentes no mercado (smartwatches, smartphones, fitness trackers) [5], focalizar-se o processo de recolha de dados no utilizador sempre tendo em conta que será um processo não invasivo. Isto alavancará/enriquecerá de forma substancial o processo de tomada de decisão e ultrapassará os limites físicos até aqui impostos pela necessidade dos sensores serem colocados estaticamente no espaço. Pode referir-se esta proposta como tendo um carácter de relevante inovação, tanto a nível científico, como industrial. Anteriormente a esta proposta, a empresa efetuou diversos estudos de mercado, tendose concluído que a nível nacional não existe qualquer produto nesta área que possua qualquer tipo de automatismo. A nível internacional, existem alguns produtos com algumas funcionalidades implementadas, mas que necessitam sempre da programação e configuração destas por parte do utilizador, e não possuem qualquer grau de inteligência artificial, que possibilite capacidades preditivas e melhorias na eficácia do produto na tomada de decisão. Pretende-se criar uma solução que permita tirar partido das tecnologias emergentes no mercado que suportam os denominados dispositivos wearables (smartwatches, smartphones, fitness trackers) e não invasividade destes, para proceder à recolha de dados de uma forma autónoma, transparente e sem qualquer necessidade de intervenção por parte do utilizador, para com esta informação auxiliar o processo de tomada de decisão dos sistemas de conforto na sua tarefa de adaptar o ambiente aos parâmetros de conforto de cada utilizador (térmico, acústico, qualidade do ar, luminosidade, exposição solar e outros). Esta solução passará ainda por recorrer a sistemas de multiagentes inteligentes [17, 18], efetuar uma gestão completa a nível de possíveis conflitos de interesses que possam existir entre utilizadores para um mesmo espaço. Especificamente com este projeto pretende-se atingir os seguintes objetivos: - Caracterizar os diferentes tipos de ambiente (Ambient Intelligence). - Caracterizar o conforto nas suas diferentes vertentes e dimensões. - Definir uma arquitetura base para um sistema não invasivo que tire partido das tecnologias e dispositivos emergentes de recolha de dados wearables (smartwatches, smartphones, fitness trackers) para a finalidade prevista. - Utilizar agentes inteligentes [19] para representar os vários intervenientes, contextos e dimensões do problema, que cooperem para alcançar a solução ótima. - Desenvolver soluções que permitam a ubiquidade na identificação dos utilizadores e suas preferências de conforto, de forma automática e transparente, potenciando a integração entre o espaço e utilizador. - Definir uma solução de agentes [20] que facilite a interação do utilizador com os sistemas atuais. - Aplicar o protótipo proposto numa unidade de saúde e numa instituição de ensino superior, tirando partido das parcerias já existentes por parte da empresa albergue. - Avaliar o protótipo utilizando problemas reais/simulados de gestão de conflitos entre diferentes preferências de conforto de utilizadores para um mesmo espaço.