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- Nudging consumer behavior with social marketing in Portugal: can perception have an Influence over trying insect-based food?Publication . Bucea-Manea-Țoniş, Rocsana; Martins, Oliva M.D.; Urdeș, Laura; Coelho, Ana Sofia; Simion, Violeta-ElenaSimple Summary The world population has been continuously growing, along with life expectancy. More people living longer results in greater demand for different resources, such as water and energy, but also for food. It becomes imperative to ensure basic needs, including food of good quality. In this sense, providing food for all increases the demand for human and animal protein. Considering that food production, namely animal protein, has been associated with negative impacts on the environment, it becomes crucial to identify more environmentally friendly alternatives to the growing demand for protein. Insect-based feeding is one of these alternatives. However, not all countries have accepted it. Neophobia and disgust are two major barriers. To overcome these barriers, we need to change behaviors. Social marketing campaigns can help. Abstract Social marketing campaigns are widely used to inform, educate, communicate, and promote healthy behaviors that add benefits to the individual, but also to society and the environment. Considering the low cost and high quality of insect-based food, this research aims to identify the main factors which can be used by social marketing campaigns to help people to try new foods, such as insect-based food. Although it is considered an important alternative to protein, there are a few countries that have not experienced it. In many Western countries, insect-based food is perceived as being disgusting. Neophobia is also a barrier to trying these foods. The main goal is to analyze if social marketing campaigns might influence perception (familiarity, preparation, visual, and information). Our model proves this assumption because we obtained high path coefficients, indicating that perception influences social beliefs, individual beliefs, and consumption intention. Thus, they will increase the consumption intention.
- Causa versus efeito. Do que se trata?Publication . Martins, Oliva M.D.; Marques, Henrique; Marques, Ana Teresa; Coelho, Ana SofiaA relação dos indicadores com o respectivo construto pode ser considerada de causa ou efeito. Considerando que o construto possa ser definido como formativo ou reflexivo, dependendo da análise teórica que antecede a análise estatística dos dados, torna-se fulcral compreender este processo. A importância desta conceitualização teórica é justificada pelas implicações na definição e análise do modelo estrutural. Neste sentido, definiu-se dois objetivos para este artigo: i) através de uma revisão da literatura, apresentar como se desenvolve um processo de validação teórica dos construtos no âmbito da modelagem de equações estruturais; e ii) desenvolver uma aplicação prática do processo a um modelo estrutural do comportamento do aleitamento materno no âmbito do marketing social. Foram ainda considerados os seguintes pressupostos: i) a intenção precede o comportamento voluntário; ii) a intenção é cognitiva; iii) a intenção é influenciada por vários fatores, o que permite ser avaliada por diferentes modelos, em função do contexto, o que quer dizer que a definição teórica deve ser o mais assertiva possível. Por fim, ressaltar a dificuldade de encontrar um único modelo para ser aplicado a todos os comportamentos.
- Uma experiência da aprendizagem baseada em problemas com alunos da Licenciatura em MarketingPublication . Coelho, Ana Sofia; Costa, João Paulo; Martins, Oliva M.D.O presente artigo descreve a implementação da metodologia de aprendizagem baseada em problemas (ABP) no âmbito da unidade curricular de Publicidade e Relações Públicas, do 2.º ano da licenciatura em Marketing. A ABP é considerada uma abordagem global que tem sido reconhecida pelos académicos. Os resultados mostraram que a metodologia ABP tem resultados similares entre diferentes grupos. Todos os grupos de alunos estavam fortemente motivados, à exceção de um grupo que não demonstrou essas evidências por não ter a assiduidade suficiente para aproveitar o acompanhamento do professor. Em geral, todos os alunos puderam melhorar a colaboração entre os seus pares, bem como capacidades de comunicação. Demonstraram também evidências de uma postura ativa e de um trabalho autónomo. A inovação e a criatividade foram evidentes nos resultados finais. Em conclusão, a abordagem ABP pode influenciar os alunos de uma forma positiva
- RE-FOOD: a collaborative movement based on volunteers networkingPublication . Martins, Oliva M.D.; Coelho, Ana Sofia; Mateus, Teresa LetraRe-Food is a movement fuelled through community goodwill, which aims to reduce hunger by fighting food waste. Created from the work of a single person, Re-Food has grown to become a non-governmental organisation [NGO], with the status of Private Institution of Social Solidarity [PISS]. Through networking collaboration, Re-Food proposes to bring an equilibrium between demand and supply of food products. The Re-Food strategy is based on the redistribution of food received through donations. All donated food is distributed immediately, and there are no stocks to be managed. In a system of food redistribution surplus, a sustainable collaborative network with significant economic, social, and environmental impact should be considered. The sustainable collaborative network is formed by volunteers’ work. The principal aim of this article is to investigate the Re-Food collaborative network. A qualitative methodology is followed, and the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) [R] and a coordinator of a Re-Food operations centre [C] were interviewed. Additionally, direct observations, and document analysis, support the investigation. The main result suggests a leadership model based on the acceptance of the different employees’ capabilities and motivations, and that technology can increase the effectiveness and efficiency of networking, as well as improve communication between people.
- Identifying new opportunities from the pandemic crisisPublication . Coelho, Ana Sofia; Costa, José Paulo; Brás, Sandra; Martins, Oliva M.D.The pandemic crisis has changed economic and social behaviors. Companies are trying to redesign their products in order to identify new segments of the market. So, the research raises the present question: is it possible to react to market dynamics with the same speed, intensity, and frequency as they occur? Aiming to understand this process, the objective of this investigation is to explore best practices developed during the pandemic crisis. RESEARCH METHODS The factors related to the identification of new niche markets (OECD, 2018) had to be restructured, Marketing innovation involves design changes (new concepts) and supply changes (regarding distribution, pricing policy, promotion, or communication) of the product (Purchase & Volery, 2020) using techniques to influence the overall results (Cuevas-Vargas et al., 2020). Digital channels can offer different alternatives and add value (Tang et al., 2021). Through marketing innovation, it is possible to transform a crisis momentum into an opportunity. The case study is a qualitative strategy that allows delving deeper knowledge into the phenomenon, in a real-life context (Stake, 1995; Yin, 1989; 2003). In this sense, it can be used when the objective is to better understand the phenomenon understudied of pandemic context (Kotlar & De Massis, 2013; De Massis & Kotlar, 2014). The method considered appropriate is qualitative research through individual in-depth interview, oriented by a semi-structured guide with twelve open questions in relation to three theoretical dimensions: Product Concept, Decreased Social Contact and Marketing Innovation. A face-to-face business corporation of event management was identified. An interpretative analysis of the data collected in the interview was developed according to these theoretical dimensions. The interview was conducted online, via the Zoom platform, on the twenty-eighth of January, two thousand twenty-one, and lasted approximately one hour and fifteen minutes, recorded on video and served as the basis for the transcribed information. Data also were collected by informal interactions, and analyzed through an interpretative process associated with the categorization according to the variables: Product Concept, Decreased Social Contact, and Marketing Innovation. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The development of the new product concept (D'Attoma & Ieva, 2020) adapted to the new reality of limited social contact, integrating online and hybrid events, result in a business "opportunity" to be explored, even after the pandemic crisis. The findings result point out a few new competencies regarding the digital and virtual environment, as well as the willingness to learn these new skills. The main contribution to the knowledge is identifying optional units or skills to be implemented by higher education institutions regarding tourism courses and similars. IMPLICATIONS Integration practice and academic fields seem necessary to meet the challenges of the dynamic market, in order to develop future generations of professionals with suitable skills and competencies. Sharing the best practices contributes to the debate of which competencies are necessary to be developed on students in order to be employed in the following years. This process can be used for teaching and training new generations. Training and flexibility are important to the development of capabilities that support future professionals through learning. The significance of these results is associated with the size of an unprecedented crisis for the present generations, as well as the difficulty of managing those implications. Then, it is suggested that future research could identify the main competence and measure it. It is important to understand which competencies and skills should be initially developed. Digital channels can offer new concepts and, at the same time, add value. And marketing innovations help to transform a crisis into an opportunity.
- The potential of blockchain technology in higher education as perceived by students in Serbia, Romania, and PortugalPublication . Kuleto, Valentin; Bucea-Manea-Țoniş, Rocsana; Bucea-Manea-Țoniş, Radu; Ilić, Milena P.; Martins, Oliva M.D.; Ranković, Marko; Coelho, Ana SofiaLifelong learning approaches that include digital, transversal, and practical skills (i.e., critical thinking, communication, collaboration, information literacy, analytical, metacognitive, reflection, and other research skills) are required in order to be equitable and inclusive and stimulate personal development. Realtime interaction between teachers and students and the ability for students to choose courses from curricula are guaranteed by decentralized online learning. Moreover, through blockchain, it is possible to acquire skills regarding the structure and content while also implementing learning tools. Additionally, documentation validation should be equally crucial to speeding up the process and reducing costs and paperwork. Finally, blockchains are open and inclusive processes that include people and cultures from all walks of life. Learning in Higher Education Institutions (HEI) is facilitated by new technologies, connecting blockchain to sustainability, which helps understand the relationship between technologies and sustainability. Besides serving as a secure transaction system, blockchain technology can help decentralize, provide security and integrity, and offer anonymity and encryption, therefore, promoting a transaction rate increase. This study investigates an alternative in which HEI includes a blockchain network to provide the best sustainable education system. Students’ opinions were analyzed, and they considered that blockchain technology had a very positive influence on learning performance.
- Sensory perception nudge: insect-based food consumer behaviorPublication . Martins, Oliva M.D.; Bucea-Manea-Țoniş, Rocsana; Coelho, Ana Sofia; Simion, VioletaThe negative impact that animal protein sources have on the environment is a critical world problem. Finding new acceptable alternatives is crucial. Nevertheless, numerous factors influence the decision to try an unknown food. By adopting a consumer behavior perspective as well as approaching the possibility of overcoming neophobia, this research examined the influence of sensory perception on consumer behavior with regard to the experimentation with new foods, focusing on entomophagy. A theoretical model was developed, and path analysis and factor influence were based on the structural equation model (PLS-SEM), designed in SmartPLS, to test the model relationships. Despite the low level of awareness concerning the benefits of entomophagy, this study considered that many aspects influence experimentation with new food, specifically our sensorial system. Sensory perception is founded on the senses, such as the tactile, olfactory, visual, and gustatory senses, which can influence perception. In line with these assumptions, this research identified the three most important and decisive factors that can influence individuals’ sensory perceptions: preparation, visual and related aspects, and the presentation of the shape of food have an influence on sensory perception regarding entomophagy consumer behavior. People like to know the method of preparation as well as the ingredients and the color of the food. These findings are crucial to food business practitioners, policymakers, and marketers, who can adopt some food process strategies following sensory perception, that will contribute to changing the habits of consumers.
- Inovação em marketing: uma resposta da BTrust à crise (pandémica) na gestão de eventosPublication . Coelho, Ana Sofia; Costa, José Paulo; Martins, Oliva M.D.Em função da crise pandémica mundial, foi criada uma crise económica e social sem precedentes. Apesar de ser difícil combater a crise nestas dimensões, as empresas, que têm um papel de provedora de necessidades, desejos e expetativas da sociedade, podem e devem contribuir neste sentido. Com o objetivo de identificar alternativas para ultrapassar a crise económica causada pela pandemia da COVID-19, desenvolveu-se uma investigação qualitativa exploratória através de entrevista individual em profundidade, gravada em vídeo e orientada por um guião semiestruturado. Numa perspetiva do marketing, os resultados permitiram identificar alternativas de aprendizagem teórica e prática, que pode ser utilizada no ensino e formação de novos profissionais.
- Validação teórica em modelagem de equações estruturais aplicada ao Marketing SocialPublication . Martins, Oliva M.D.; Marques, Henrique; Marques, Ana Teresa; Coelho, Ana SofiaA relação dos indicadores com o respectivo construto pode ser de causa ou efeito. Considera-se que o construto pode ser formativo ou reflexivo, dependendo da análise teórica que antecede a análise estatística dos dados. E esta relação tem implicações para a definição do modelo estrutural. Neste sentido, apresenta-se um processo de validação teórico para o modelo estrutural, aplicado ao comportamento do aleitamento materno no âmbito do marketing social, tendo sido considerado os seguintes pressupostos: i) a intenção precede o comportamento voluntário; ii) a intenção é cognitiva; iii) a intenção é influenciada por vários fatores, e por esta razão, foi previamente avaliada por diferentes modelos, dependendo do contexto. Ressalta-se a dificuldade de encontrar um único modelo para ser aplicado a todos os comportamentos.
- Insect-based food: a (free) choicePublication . Martins, Oliva M.D.; Bucea-Manea-Țoniş, Rocsana; Bašić, Jasmina; Coelho, Ana Sofia; Simion, VioletaThe literature highlights the importance of insect consumption for nutritional health habits. The increasingly clear legislation, the developed studies demonstrating their nutritional value, and the prospect of overcoming some barriers that have prevented consumers from consuming insects are among the reasons supporting the advantages of consuming insects. The leading determinants of consumption are culture and individual and social beliefs, accessibility to a particular nutritional resource, and individual behavior. The barriers to neophobia were analyzed by evaluating factors of influence and their respective relationship and meaning through quantitative research to measure the significance of the results. To develop a conceptual model that aims to change eating behavior and recognize structural aspects that can be barriers in the process of changing eating behavior, a methodological framework was developed. The methodological framework aimed to identify the characteristics that can be associated with the profile of opinion leaders, and it included a questionnaire which was applied to 213 young people. Moreover, the structural equation model was the statistical technique used. Given the projected population growth and increasing life expectancy, nutrition is a challenge in terms of health, but also in economic, social, and environmental respects. Aiming for sustainability, it is crucial to identify nutritional alternatives within the circular economy.