CIMO - Resumos em Proceedings Não Indexados à WoS/Scopus
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- Old and new climate change adaptation strategies by Montesinho mountain pastoralists, PortugalPublication . Aleixo-Pais, Isa G.; Castro, José; Frazão-Moreira, Amélia; Castro, João Paulo; Castro, MarinaMountain pastoralists are among the communities most affected by climate change, rendering empowerment of mountain communities and supportive policies essential.
- Promoting species diversity: understanding Sweet chestnut within regeneration of Scots pine standsPublication . Patrício, Maria Sameiro; Nunes, LuísPine forests show a natural gradual transition to mixed plantations where, with the progression of ecological succession, hardwoods such as Sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) and oaks begin to progressively settle. However, the persistence of chestnut in conifer stands remains poorly studied and appears to be strongly influenced by the surrounding areas where the species is cultivated and light availability. In this case study conducted in Serra da Nogueira, Portugal, which is characterized by a mosaic of habitats resulting from mountain agriculture, including extensive Pyrenean oak forests and stands of other hardwoods and conifers, such as Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), it was observed that chestnut persisted in the natural regeneration of these stands primarily due to the presence of nearby chestnut forests and agroforestry stands. The presence of advanced regeneration in the understory of Scots pine stands suggests that chestnut can persist in the natural regeneration dynamics, leading to the formation of mixed stands more resilient and biodiverse. Therefore, the regeneration status of two Scots pine stands covering a 12-hectare area in Serra da Nogueira (41°45'34"N, 6°54'53"W, altitude 980 m) was assessed. A systematic sampling approach was applied. A semi-permanent circular plot device was installed, following a concentric system with a fixed radius. Natural regeneration (d<10 cm) was divided into two height strata: up to 2 m and > 2 m. Concentric circular plots of 100 and 200 m2 wereused to study each height stratum. Abundance and diversity were evaluated using modified Shannon and Simpson indices, the inverse of the Berger-Parker index, and species richness. Generalized linear models (GLM) and generalized additive models (GAM) were employed to explore the influence of potential explanatory variables related to stand structure, crown cover, and degree of shrub cover (SC)on the abundance of the main species contributing to natural regeneration. The results indicate that basal area (G) significantly affects the abundance of natural regeneration. Additionally, it was found that the percentage of SC also had an influence. Basal areas close to 40 m2 ha-1 promote the regeneration of Scots pine while lower G favors the establishment of hardwoods, particularly chestnut.
- Sequestro de carbono em castinçais: impacto da densidade de varas simulado com o modelo CO2FixPublication . Patrício, Maria Sameiro; El Baine, Chaimae; Nunes, LuísAs talhadias de castanheiro (Castanea sativa Mill.) podem potenciar o sequestro de carbono, contribuindo para a mitigação das alterações climáticas. Neste contexto, o presente estudo avaliou o potencial de sequestro de carbono em diferentes densidades de varas por touça, recorrendo ao modelo CO2Fix. O ensaio foi conduzido em Cimas de Mogadouro, no Nordeste de Portugal e compreendeu quatro tratamentos, avaliados ao longo de 12 anos. O modelo foi calibrado para simular a produção de biomassa e o correspondente sequestro de carbono numa rotação de 42 anos. Os tratamentos com três (T2) e cinco (T3) varas revelaram maior acumulação de biomassa e carbono, sobretudo na biomassa aérea e raízes. O tratamento T2 destacou‑se pelo maior acréscimo corrente anual e pela produção de varas com maiores diâmetros conferindo-lhes potencial de armazenamento de carbono em produtos de longa duração. A modelação mostrou‑se consistente nos tratamentos T1, T2 e T3, embora tenha subestimado o carbono no tratamento T4 (alto fuste) nas fases iniciais. Os resultados confirmam que, através de práticas silvícolas ajustadas, os castinçais funcionam como sumidouros de carbono eficientes, promovendo uma gestão florestal sustentável.
- Synergies between the American and Sweet chestnuts could impact the rural bioeconomyPublication . Clark, Stacy L.; Marcolin, Enrico; Patrício, Maria Sameiro; Loewe-Muñoz, VerónicaSweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) and American chestnut (C. dentata) have been explicitly linked to historical and contemporary cultures and have played important roles in rural bioeconomies. These species also have been important for enhancing ecological services, such as mast production, soil stabilization, and high water use efficiency. Threats to these species are unprecedented and additive, including global climate change, nonnative pests and pathogens, land use changes, and lack of scientific knowledge and technologies. We will provide a synthesis of traditional and novel silvicultural systems for chestnut, focusing on timber and non-timber forest products that enhance the forest bioeconomy. Sweet and American chestnuts require divergent management strategies to sustain their conservation values, and both species require active forest management to maintain or restore populations in native or naturalized habitats. Even-aged regeneration systems are the preferred silvicultural practice for both species. Coppicing is commonly implemented for sweet chestnut and provides a potential future strategy for American chestnut once disease-resistant material is available. Cryphonectria parasitica causes chestnut blight and may limit long-rotation timber production of American chestnut making coppice systems more attractive for managers. High forests of sweet chestnuts are managed primarily for timber production in single or mixed species plantations and naturalized stands, although ecosystem services are being increasingly considered in value estimations for this species. American chestnut will probably be reintroduced to achieve ecological restoration goals that can be considered in determining values to the bioeconomy. Traditional and emerging markets for sweet chestnut, such as biomass or carbon, may help inform future opportunities around American chestnut, particularly for tribal and rural communities. Climate change and other threats call for synergistic partnerships and knowledge sharing to maintain or restore sweet and American chestnuts as part of the global ecosystem.
- Unlocking the potential of sweet shestnut stands: Sustainable sanagement, carbon sequestration andr evenue generationPublication . Patrício, Maria Sameiro; Nunes, LuísThe sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), a species common in European forest ecosystems, provides numerous ecosystem services including landscape diversity, supporting biodiversity and enhance resilience to forest wildfires in Mediterranean regions. While climate change poses challenges to this species, it also presents opportunities to leverage its ecosystem services that have been overlooked in the potential incomes on chestnut management. Carbon sequestration is one such service that can revitalize chestnut areas. By exploring carbon storage as a passive income stream, profitability in chestnut areas can be enhanced beyond traditional revenue sources like timber and nuts. A comparative analysis is carried out to assess the potential of carbon sequestration in diverse cultural systems of chestnut stands during the juvenile phase (up to 24 years). The analysis is based on data of field permanent plots used to estimate biomass and carbon levels. The estimation of carbon value is based on EU Carbon Permits. To effectively mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, it is crucial to strike a balance between carbon sequestration and the duration of carbon retention in wood products. By emphasizing the production of high-quality wood and incorporating it into long-lived products, significant environmental benefits can be achieved by storing carbon outside the atmosphere for extended periods of time. Furthermore, the silviculture practices related to this innovative approach are also discussed. By transferring the significant value of Carbon Permits for carbon ecosystem services, we can demonstrate the potential impact of carbon sequestration as a compelling factor for revitalizing the chestnut forests. The most carbon-sequestering chestnut forest areas are productive sites, including high forest stands and coppices. These areas exhibit an average annual CO2 sequestration ranging from 12.7 to 13.6 Mg ha-1 year-1 over a period of 23-24 years, with carbon values exceeding €900.00 per hectare per year and possibly reaching €1,150.00 per hectare per year. When combined with the quality and durability of wood products and the opportunity to substitute alternative materials like plastics and steel in construction, the environmental and economic benefits become even more pronounced. This presentation highlights the potential of chestnut in mitigating climate change, generating revenue and fostering sustainability.