ESE - Artigos em Revistas Indexados à WoS/Scopus
Permanent URI for this collection
Browse
Browsing ESE - Artigos em Revistas Indexados à WoS/Scopus by Field of Science and Technology (FOS) "Ciências Médicas::Outras Ciências Médicas"
Now showing 1 - 10 of 10
Results Per Page
Sort Options
- Acute Effects of Nitrate-Rich Beetroot Juice on Cardiovascular and Hemodynamic Responses to Flywheel Resistance Exercise: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover TrialPublication . Primo, Mateus Chaves; Viana, Ítalo Santiago Alves; Goulart-Silva, Leonardo Silveira; Machado, Wanderson Matheus Lopes; Leite , Luciano Bernardes; Forte, Pedro; Calhelha, Ricardo C.; Monteiro, António M.; Branquinho, Luís; Silva, Sandro Fernandes; Oliveira, Claudia Eliza Patrocínio de; Moreira, Osvaldo CostaBeetroot juice is a popular nutritional resource in sports due to its ergogenic effects, promoting vasodilation, hypotension, improved energy efficiency, and reduced oxygen cost. However, its role in modulating the autonomic nervous system during strength training remains understudied. This study assessed the effects of acute nitrate-rich beetroot juice supplementation on cardiovascular and hemodynamic responses to flywheel resistance exercise. Fifteen male participants (age 22 +/- 3.64 years) from the Federal University of Vi & ccedil;osa completed a crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Each participant consumed either 400 mg of standardized nitrate or a placebo before performing 4 sets of 8-12 repetitions at 100% of their maximum concentric strength using a leg extension exercise, with 90 s recovery intervals. Heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and subjective perception of effort were measured after each set. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23, employing the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, t-test for related samples, and MANOVA with time and supplement factors. NO3- supplementation led to a smaller increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP) during exercise compared to the placebo and reduced diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in the last set, reflecting decreased peripheral vascular resistance. However, no significant effects were observed for heart rate, rate-pressure product, oxygen saturation, time under tension, or subjective perception of effort. These findings suggest that NO3- supplementation can offer cardiovascular benefits by attenuating blood pressure increases during strength training, highlighting its potential as a low-risk ergogenic aid for healthy young men.
- Case Report: Case study of 100 consecutive IRONMAN®-distance triathlons—impact of race splits and sleep on the performance of an elite athletePublication . Knechtle, Beat; Leite , Luciano Bernardes; Forte, Pedro; Andrade, Marilia Santos; Cuk, Ivan; Nikolaidis, Pantelis Theo; Scheer, Volker; Weiss, Katja; Rosemann, ThomasLong-distance triathletes such as IRONMAN (R) and ultra-triathletes competing in longer race distances continue to extend ultra-endurance limits. While the performance of 60 IRONMAN (R)-distance triathlons in 60 days was the longest described to date, we analysed in the present case study the impact of split disciplines and recovery in one athlete completing 100 IRONMAN (R)-distance triathlons in 100 days. To date, this is the longest self-paced world record attempt for most daily IRONMAN (R)-distance triathlons.To assess the influence of each activity's duration on the total time, the cross-correlation function was calculated for swimming, cycling, running, and sleeping times. The autocorrelation function, which measures the correlation of a time series with itself at different lags, was also employed using NumPy.The moving average for swimming slightly increased in the middle of the period, stabilizing at similar to 1.43 h. Cycling displayed notable fluctuations between similar to 5.5 and 7h, with a downward trend toward the end. The moving average for running remains high, between 5.8 and 7.2 h, showing consistency over the 100 days. The moving average for total time hovered at similar to 15 h, with peaks at the beginning, and slightly declined in the final days. The cross-correlation between swimming time and total time showed relatively low values. Cycling demonstrated a stronger correlation with total time. Running also exhibited a high correlation with total time. The cross-correlation between sleep time and swimming time presented low values. In cycling, the correlation was stronger. For running, a moderate correlation was observed. The correlation with total time was also high. The autocorrelation for swimming showed high values at short lags with a gradual decrease over time. For cycling, the autocorrelation also began strong, decreasing moderately as lags increased. Running displayed high autocorrelation at short lags, indicating a daily dependency in performance, with a gradual decay over time. The total time autocorrelation was high and remained relatively elevated with increasing lags, showing consistent dependency on cumulative efforts across all activities. In a triathlete completing 100 IRONMAN (R)-distance triathlons in 100 days, cycling and running split times have a higher influence on overall times than swimming. Swimming performance is not influenced by sleep quality, whereas cycling performance is. Swimming times slowed faster over days than cycling and running times. Any athlete intending to break this record should focus on cycling and running training in the pre-event preparation.
- Characterization of physical performance and change of direction deficit across age groups in young female volleyball playersPublication . Oliveira, João P.; Marinho, D.A.; Jacinto, Pedro; Sampaio, Tatiana; Morais, J. E.Volleyball performance relies heavily on agility, strength, and the ability to change direction, yet there is limited research investigating these physical attributes across different age groups in youth volleyball players. The change of direction (COD) deficit-a metric that isolates directional efficiency by comparing agility to linear speed-may provide a more nuanced understanding of an athlete's movement capabilities. The aim of this study was to investigate: (i) the differences in anthropometrics, lower limb strength/power, dynamic balance, linear sprint speed, and change of direction (COD) ability between young volleyball age groups; (ii) the effect of age on COD deficit in young volleyball players, and; (iii) the COD deficit predictors. A cross-sectional analysis of young volleyball athletes was conducted. Seventy-seven female volleyball players from three age groups (U13:12.43 +/- 0.89; U16:14.38 +/- 0.52; U18:16.78 +/- 0.93) participated in standardized tests measuring their physical qualities. The older age groups (U18) were significantly taller, heavier, and faster in linear sprints than their younger counterparts. No significant differences between groups were observed in lower limb strength and power or dynamic balance. The U16 group demonstrated the lowest COD deficit. The regression analysis identified drop jump height (DJ) as the sole significant predictor of COD deficit, explaining 6.9% of the variance (R2 = 0.069, p = 0.033), highlighting its relevance as an indicator of reactive strength. These findings suggest that while anthropometric features have increased and sprint performance improved with age, there is no corresponding improvement in lower limb strength, power, or dynamic balance. Drop jump height was the sole predictor of COD deficit, emphasizing the importance of reactive strength in determining agility. Coaches should focus on enhancing lower limb strength and reactive power to optimize COD performance and prevent performance stagnation (training plateaus), particularly in older athletes.
- The Effect of Flywheel Resistance Training on Executive Function in Older Women: A Randomized Controlled TrialPublication . Cota, Amanda dos Reis; Pérez Bedoya, Édison Andrés; Agostinho, Pablo Augusto Garcia; Leite, Luciano Bernardes; Schneider, André; Forte, Pedro; Monteiro, António M.; Branquinho, Luís; Teixeira, José Eduardo; Oliveira, Claudia Eliza Patrocínio de; Moreira, Osvaldo Costa; Carneiro-Júnior, Miguel AraújoExecutive function, which includes inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, tends to decline with aging. While traditional resistance training (TRT) has shown positive effects in mitigating these declines, limited evidence is available regarding flywheel resistance training (FRT). This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of TRT and FRT on executive function in older women. In this randomized controlled trial (clinicaltrials.gov NCT05910632), 29 older women were allocated into two groups: TRT (n = 15) and FRT (n = 14). The intervention lasted eight weeks with two weekly sessions conducted at the Federal University of Vi & ccedil;osa. The TRT group performed exercises using machines and free weights, while the FRT group used a multi-leg isoinertial device. Executive function was assessed using the Victoria Stroop Test (inhibitory control), Digit Span Test (working memory), and Trail Making Tests A and B (cognitive flexibility). Data were analyzed using a Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (p < 0.05). Results: No significant changes were observed in inhibitory control (p = 0.350). Working memory improved significantly within both groups in forward (p = 0.002) and backward (p = 0.002) span tasks. For cognitive flexibility, Trail Making Test A showed no significant changes (p > 0.05), but Test B showed significant within-group (p = 0.030) and between-group (p = 0.020) improvements. The B-A difference was also significant (p = 0.040). Both resistance training modalities enhanced working memory and cognitive flexibility. However, FRT produced greater improvements in cognitive flexibility, suggesting potential advantages in cognitive aging interventions.
- Effectiveness of a multicomponent physical exercise program against older adults’ frailty and obesity risk during the COVID-19 pandemic: an experimental, longitudinal, and controlled study with responsiveness analysisPublication . Encarnação, Samuel; Alves, João Ribeiro; Barbosa, Tiago M.; Forte, Pedro; Leite, Luciano Bernardes; Monteiro, António M.This study assessed the effectiveness of a multicomponent exercise training against old adults' physical fragility and obesity risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. An experimental, controlled, and longitudinal study was performed in October 2021 (during the pandemic) and after the intervention in March 2023 (during the pandemic), totalizing 16-month intervention. A total of 53 elderly (37 older women and 16 older men), aged 69.2 +/- 12.4 years, participated in this study. After some dropouts, 10 participants in the experimental group (EG) and 10 participants in the control group (CG) accomplished the whole intervention and were analyzed after the post test. Bayesian statistical paired tests were applied to analyze the pre-post changes in physical fitness and body composition components. A responsiveness analysis was performed to identify individualized improvements within the follow-up period.The results demonstrated significant benefits, particularly in body composition, with improvements in BMI, VF, and %BF. Training effectively reduced waist circumference and minimized muscle mass loss. For physical frailty, improvements were noted in LLS, while CG showed worsening in UFL but unexpected improvements in static balance measures like APB and the 95% CI ellipse. In addition, training helped mitigate declines in HG strength, ULS, LLS, ULF, LLF, DB, APB, AF, MLB, and balance measures through responsiveness analysis.The multicomponent exercise training improved lower limb strength and reduced BMI, visceral fat, and body fat percentage, with responsiveness analysis showing protective effects across most variables for participants.
- Freestyle master’s swimming: Nationality, sex, and performance trends in World Aquatics competitions (1986–2024)Publication . Ahmad, Wais; Wilhelm, Matthias; Moreitz, Sascha; Andrade, Marilia Santos; Forte, Pedro; Stanula, Arkadiusz; Nikolaidis, Pantelis Theo; Cuk, Ivan; Thuany, Mabliny; Weiss, Katja; Rosemann, Thomas; Hill, Lee; Seffrin, Aldo; Knechtle, Beat; Emiliano CèIn sports science, freestyle swimming has been thoroughly studied for particular performance-related factors. Nonetheless, it is unknown what countries the top freestyle swimmers are from, especially not for age group swimmers. In addition, the existing research on the performance of master freestyle swimmers has yet to confirm that male swimmers achieve faster times than their female counterparts across all age groups and distances. The current study looked into the nationalities and sexes of the top freestyle swimmers in each age group in World Aquatics competitions for the 50m, 100m, 200m, 400m, and 800m events from 1986 to 2024. Methods The data (derived from (www.worldaquatics.com/masters/archives/masters-archives) were presented using mean, standard deviation, maximum and minimum values, and/or confidence intervals. The year of competition, age, age group, stroke, distance, and first and last names of each swimmer were noted. The nations were then divided into six groups: one group comprising all other countries and the top five nations with the greatest number of appearances in the top 10 fastest freestyle swimming times by distance each year. Results In freestyle swimming, most swimmers (30.6%) competed in the 50m event (n = 25,094, 10,909 female and 14,185 male), followed by the 100m event (25.6%, n = 20,961, 8,796 female and 12,165 male), the 200m event (17.4%, n = 14,309, 6,729 female and 7,580 male), the 400m event (13.4%, n = 10,956, 5,363 female and 5,593 male), and the 800m event (12.6%, n = 10,317, 5,179 female and 5,138 male). The results from the generalized linear models indicate that sex, age group, and the interaction between sex and age group all had significant effects on the 50m, 100m, 200m, 400m, and 800m races. Specifically, for the 50m races, the effect of sex was significant (x(2) (1) = 3451.941, p < 0.001), as was the effect of age group (chi(2) (13) = 19,295.169, p < 0.001), and the interaction between sex and age group (chi (2) (13) = 654.671, p < 0.001). Conclusion The USA demonstrates quantitative dominance by contributing the greatest number of top 10 performers. Additionally, the study highlights significant sex-based performance differences, with males generally outperforming females in all age categories. This study comprehensively analyzes the performance trends observed in freestyle master swimming for nearly four decades.
- Hierarchical clustering of the pre-exam anxiety levels in physically inactive and active adolescent students from 56 countries: an observational study using PISA program dataPublication . Encarnação, Samuel; Teixeira, José Eduardo; Forte, Pedro; Leite, Luciano Bernardes; Sortwell, Andrew; Branquinho, Luís; Ferraz, Ricardo; Afonso, Pedro; Vaz, Paula Marisa Fortunato; Monteiro, António M.The relationship between physical activity and anxiety among students has been extensively studied, with research highlighting the protective effects of physical activity on mental well-being.Methods This article synthesizes existing literature on the topic and presents a novel analysis of pre-exam anxiety rates among physically inactive high school students from 56 countries. Using data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2018, a hierarchical clustering method was applied to identify four clusters based on stratified country groups by the students' pre-exam anxiety levels. The results indicated five clusters for low physically active students (three with higher anxiety rates and two with lower levels of the condition) and four clusters for the low physically active individuals (two for higher anxiety rates and two for lower levels). Furthermore, the hierarchical model worked with good precision in the clustering task. In conclusion, considering the low physically active students, Brazil (82%) and the Dominican Republic (81%) recorded the highest pre-exam anxiety levels, while the Czech Republic (35%) had the lowest. Among the physically active students, Malaysia (82%), Brazil (81%), and Costa Rica (81%) recorded the highest anxiety levels, whereas again, the Czech Republic (35%) had the lowest. These findings emphasize that although physical activity generally relates to reduced anxiety, this association varies across cultural and educational contexts.
- Identifying Optimal Pitch Training Load in Elite Soccer PlayersPublication . Titton, Adriano; França, Elias de; Branquinho, Luís; Barros, Luís Fernando Leite; Campos, Pedro; Marques, Felipe O.; Glória, Igor Phillip dos Santos; Caperuto, Erico Chagas; Hirota, Vinicius Barroso; Teixeira, José Eduardo; Valente, Nelson; Forte, Pedro; Ferraz, Ricardo; Thomatieli-Santos, Ronaldo Vagner; Teoldo, IsraelThere are no data in the literature regarding the optimal pitch training load (PTL) for elite soccer teams during congested seasons. This study had three goals: (1) identify whether there is an adaptation in match physical performance (MPP) in response to PTL throughout a congested season in elite soccer players; (2) identify whether MPP adaptation is specific to the coach’s PTL philosophy; and (3) identify the optimal PTL for MPP during a congested season. Over two seasons, we collected data from 11,658 PTL sessions and 3068 MPP data from 54 elite male soccer players. The PTL sessions were clustered in weekly training blocks and paired with MPP for statistical and machine learning analysis. Over the season, MPP increased in the mid-season and this trend decreased during the end-season. Also, MPP reflected the coach’s PTL philosophy. Further, using a machine learning (k-means) approach, we identified three different PTLs (and classified them as low-, medium-, and high-load PTL blocks). The high-load PTL block was associated with a higher MPP, while the lower PTL was associated with a lower MPP. PTL is closely related to MPP, and this change also reflects the coach’s PTL philosophy. Here, we report an optimal PTL that could be useful for soccer teams playing a congested season.
- Sex-specific differences in performance and pacing in the world’s longest triathlon in historyPublication . Knechtle, Beat; Leite , Luciano Bernardes; Forte, Pedro; Andrade, Marilia Santos; Nikolaidis, Pantelis Theo; Scheer, Volker; Duric, Sasa; Cuk, Ivan; Rosemann, ThomasSex differences in performance and pacing in triathlon have been studied for IRONMAN triathlons (3.8 km swimming, 180 km cycling and 42.195 km of running) and ultra-triathlons (i.e. Double-, Triple-, Quintuple- and Deca Iron ultra-triathlons) corresponding to 2x, 3x, 5x and 10x the IRONMAN triathlon distance. However, no study has to date investigated the sex difference in performance and pacing in the longest triathlon held in history, the Triple Deca Iron ultra-triathlon covering 114 km of swimming, 5,400 km of cycling and 1,266 km of running. A total of 14 triathletes (10 men and four women) competed in the 2024 Triple Deca Ultra Triathlon in Desenzano del Garda, with four men and three women officially finishing the race within the time limit. The data were analyzed to investigate performance differences across disciplines (i.e. swimming, cycling, and running), pacing strategies and sex differences. Variability was assessed using each discipline's coefficient of variation (CV). The relation-ships between CV and overall rankings were examined using linear regression analysis. Men were faster in swimming (12.4%), cycling (24.8%) and running (8.5%). Cycling showed the greatest pacing variability, while running exhibited steadier pacing, with more consistent athletes performing better overall, reflecting the unique endurance challenges of this segment. Overall, men were faster than women in all split disciplines, with the highest sex difference in cycling and the smallest in running. The analysis revealed significant differences in both cycling and running times among athletes. The variability in cycling times indicates diverse pacing strategies and endurance levels, while the running times further highlight the individual performance dynamics of the athletes. The results illustrate how variability in pacing affects cumulative performance and final rankings.
- Shaping Training Load, Technical–Tactical Behaviour, and Well-Being in Football: A Systematic ReviewPublication . Afonso, Pedro; Forte, Pedro; Branquinho, Luís; Ferraz, Ricardo; Garrido, Nuno D.; Teixeira, José EduardoFootball performance results from the dynamic interaction between physical, tactical, technical, and psychological dimensions-each of which also influences player well-being, recovery, and readiness. However, integrated monitoring approaches remain scarce, particularly in youth and sub-elite contexts. This systematic review screened 341 records from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, with 46 studies meeting the inclusion criteria (n = 1763 players; age range: 13.2-28.7 years). Physical external load was reported in 44 studies using GPS-derived metrics such as total distance and high-speed running, while internal load was examined in 36 studies through session-RPE (rate of perceived exertion x duration), heart rate zones, training impulse (TRIMP), and Player Load (PL). A total of 22 studies included well-being indicators capturing fatigue, sleep quality, stress levels, and muscle soreness, through tools such as the Hooper Index (HI), the Total Quality Recovery (TQR) scale, and various Likert-type or composite wellness scores. Tactical behaviours (n = 15) were derived from positional tracking systems, while technical performance (n = 7) was assessed using metrics like pass accuracy and expected goals, typically obtained from Wyscout (R) or TRACAB (R) (a multi-camera optical tracking system). Only five studies employed multivariate models to examine interactions between performance domains or to predict well-being outcomes. Most remained observational, relying on descriptive analyses and examining each domain in isolation. These findings reveal a fragmented approach to player monitoring and a lack of conceptual integration between physical, psychological, tactical, and technical indicators. Future research should prioritise multidimensional, standardised monitoring frameworks that combine contextual, psychophysiological, and performance data to improve applied decision-making and support player health, particularly in sub-elite and youth populations.