Percorrer por autor "Xavier, Catarina"
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- AD and SDH on Portuguese state-sponsored channels: state of play and where to?Publication . Martins, Cláudia; Xavier, Catarina; Valdez, Susana; Pinto, Sara Ramos; Monteiro, Sílvia Malena; Martins, Mariana; Morgado, MartaThe development of Media Accessibility (MA) has brought to the fore concerns with the inclusion of people with disabilities in all walks of life, from the traditional audiovisual contexts (e.g. TV and cinema) to other cultural and historical venues, including other life events, such as births, weddings, and the like. These concerns stemmed from the fact that, in the 1980s and 1990s, attention was focused on the need for television channels and cinema houses to provide accessible programming including then subtitling for the deaf and hard-of-hearing (SDH) and audiodescription (AD), and later respeaking. While the USA and the UK were the pioneers internationally, other European countries slowly engaged in such practices and developed guidelines to cater for these needs. One such case is Germany where Bernd Benecke (from Bayerischer Rundfunk) has been a reference in MA when it comes to AD in TV programmes. As a result, accessibility television services have become a legal requirement worldwide, and in particular in European countries, since the early 2000s. In her ground-breaking survey, Remael (2007) has identified that different countries go through different histories, traditions and priorities with a direct impact on how much SDH each country produces and broadcasts and the procedures it follows. The data collected by Reviers (2016) seems to indicate similar circumstances in regard to Audiodescription. In this paper, we will focus on the case of Portugal, and in particular the state-sponsored channel RTP, in order to offer a more in-depth look into how the accessibility services developed, their current practices and priorities as well as the SDH and AD professionals’ working conditions and main challenges. As in other countries, the development of SDH in Portugal has largely coincided with the introduction of teletext and was initiated by the channel under analysis which has played a key role in recruiting and training local teams of experts, as well as developing and disseminating working practices both internally and externally. In the context of the project AVT Accessibility in Portugal, data has been collected via a questionnaire and follow-up in-depth/qualitative interviews with the different SDH and AD in-house professionals employed at RTP. Preliminary analysis points towards particular linguistic, technological and internal communication challenges, lack of training and of update of guidelines, and that professionals may tend not to identify themselves as translators. It also indicates a lack of knowledge-sharing among European television channels. Finally, it has been possible to note difficult access to the target communities which professionals try to compensate for by having, in the case of AD, blind consultants that check translations. In sum, we will seek to provide a thorough description of RTP’s team of translators in terms of their training, previous experience, work procedures and relation to SDH and AD guidelines and target audiences. This will be complemented with selected information retrieved from the qualitative interviews. Based on this preliminary analysis, we aim to critically reflect on the overall situation and suggest a series of recommendations for moving forward, including conducting a reception-oriented study.
- Audiovisual translation and the Holocaust: how subtitling can enhance knowledge of the pastPublication . Martins, Cláudia; Xavier, CatarinaThe pivotal position of audiovisual media in the present-day world is undeniable. These media are, as of the last few decades, the most important conduits of information and knowledge. This “audiovisual literacy” (cf. Zabalbeascoa, 2010) arose at a time when consumers spend more time in front of screens than any other vehicle of information. It is against this backdrop that audiovisual translation (AVT) has been recognised for its role as the main facilitator of interlinguistic and intercultural transfers. This has been the case for the project “Remembering the Past, Learning for the Future: Research-Based Digital Learning from Testimonies of Survivors and Rescuers of the Holocaust” [ID 740639658] that was funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, where AVT scholars played a signi cant role in helping create 6 digital resources in Portuguese for the IWitness platform (USC Shoah Foundation). Without interlingual and intersemiotic translation, the video testimonies gathered from the Shoah Foundation’s Visual History Archive, and selected for this project, would have been walled in the language and culture to which they belong, despite their common historical circumstances, i.e., the II WW genocide. Our option was then to provide interlingual subtitling, as Portugal is, for the most part, a subtitling country, to which we added information on paralinguistic features, such as intonation, background noises or music, thus considering various audiences. In doing so, we consciously engaged in an accessibility approach, by including features typical of subtitling for the deaf and hard-of-hearing. With this paper, we aim to present and describe our subtitling corpus created within this project that consists of 40 videos and over 1200 subtitles, according to a set of criteria. Moreover, we will seek to discuss the problems we encountered in this project and the solutions we came up with, and ultimately reflect on the part subtitling played in enhancing the knowledge of the past.
- Digital Humanities at the Service of Remembrance: The Creation of Digital Archive-based Activities within the Project Remembering the Past, Learning for the FuturePublication . Gombár, Zsófia; Martins, Cláudia F.D.; Ferro, Maria João; Fernandes, Ana Raquel; Szőnyi, Andrea; Xavier, Catarina; Komoly, Gabriella; Mezei, MónikaThis article explores the usage of testimonies in the Visual History Archive of the University of Southern California's Shoah Foundation to create learner-centred activities on the history of the Holocaust targeted at Portuguese students. We describe the project ‘Remembering the Past, Learning for the Future: Research-Based Digital Learning from Testimonies of Survivors and Rescuers of the Holocaust’, housed at the University of Lisbon Centre for English Studies (ULICES). Via the international partnership (USC Shoah Foundation, Zachor Foundation, and the University of Eötvös Loránd), the ULICES team developed materials using testimony from witnesses and survivors of the Holocaust through digital tools with an innovative pedagogical methodology. We introduce the constructivist theory of learning, stressing the powerful impact of survival testimonies on raising student awareness and developing a wide range of skills. We also describe the methodological process that underlay this project, namely the creation of the six learning activities for the IWitness educational platform and the IWalk visits, focusing on the translation tasks of the written materials and the audiovisual translation of the videos. We also report on how students received the activities by retrieving information from teachers’ and students’ reports, and an onsite experience with two groups of students.
- Past history through technology: digital resources based on the Holocaust survivor testimoniesPublication . Martins, Cláudia; Gómbar, Zsófia; Fernandes, Ana Raquel Lourenço; Xavier, Catarina; Pieta, Hanna; Valdez, Susana; Ferro, Maria João“Remembering the Past, Learning for the Future: Research-Based Digital Learning from Testimonies of Survivors and Rescuers of the Holocaust” [ID 740639658] was funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology. Via the international partnership (USC Shoah Foundation, Zachor Foundation, Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem, and the University of Luxembourg), the CEAUL team developed a suite of materials for educators and the general public using testimony from witnesses and survivors of the Holocaust through digital tools, with an innovative pedagogical methodology. As stated by the Johannesburg Holocaust & Genocide Centre (online), “Survivor testimonies are first-hand accounts from individuals who had lived through the Holocaust or genocide and their stories help students to understand and empathise more deeply with the human (and inhuman) aspects of mass atrocities”. The project aimed to achieve seven objectives, of which we highlight the following: 1) the research in the Visual History Archive of the University of Southern California’s Shoah Foundation (an archive that contains 54,975 video testimonies of survivors and rescuers of the Holocaust – 563 in Portuguese); 2) the creation of a Portuguese language microsite on the IWitness platform for the resources developed; and 3) the development of 6 digital, testimony-based educational materials on the IWitness platform in Portuguese. The assumption of such a project consisted of effectively integrating ICT into education materials to improve students’ skills, namely what has come to be known as 21st century skills (e.g., critical thinking, creativity, communication and collaboration). Despite the seemingly historical emphasis of the project’s resources, their main goal has been to stir discussion in the History and Portuguese Language classrooms, to name a few, and encourage empathy based on historical events that regrettably are still up-to-date. Therefore, we intend to present one of the six activities created within this project that target the Portuguese compulsory secondary education and Higher Education levels, where we sought to build a story around the topic “The Rescuers”. By using the strategy of storytelling (cf. Schallié & Spaar, 2021, online), each activity intertwined excerpts of different testimonies that ultimately enabled the construction of a/the bigger picture. We also wish to account on the manner students received this particular activity, by retrieving information from teachers and students’ reports.