Browsing by Author "Saraiva, Artur"
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- Assessing water scarcity footprint of wine production in the Alentenjo region: preliminary resultsPublication . Presumido, Pedro Henrique; Gonçalves, Artur; Saraiva, Artur; Jorge, Célia; Ribeiro, A.C.; Silvestre, José; Silva, Pedro Oliveira e; Ramôa, Sofia; Oliveira, Margarida; Feliciano, ManuelFor multiple reasons, climate change is likely to contribute to the increase in water consumption and to the deterioration of its quality. Water scarcity has been a major concern to the wine sector, given the strong impact that can it have on the vineyard productivity, wine quality and on the vineyard environment. In Portugal, there is an alarming trend in the annual mean temperature increase, as fear grows that it may aggravate water scarcity, so there is a concern that justifies the increase in the number of the studies in these scientific areas. Environmental footprint indicators have frequently been calculated through the use of life cycle approaches (LCA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the water scarcity footprint (WSF) for the production of a bottle of wine thus providing additional support for strategic decisions made in these sectors. 2. Experimental - The assessment of WSF in the wine production in the south of Portugal (Alentejo region) was based on the methodological framework defined in the ISO 14046 standard. The functional unit (UF) selected for the study was a 0.75L wine bottle. A cradle-to-gate approach was adopted in the study, and, therefore, the system under study was limited to the viticulture stage and wine production. For this WSF study, the GaBi Software (Thinkstep) was used with its professional database. The main water scarcity regional characterization factors used in this study were Water Scarcity Index, AWaRe (WULCA), and UBP. 3. Results and Discussion - The preliminary results show the difference between the proposed methodologies for water scarcity footprint assessment when applied to wine production in the Alentejo region of Portugal. The water scarcity footprint methods may give different results depending on their assumptions. Furthermore, the preliminary assessment identified that upstream and downstream processes were both relevant to the WSF. With the identification of hotspots and the implementation of actions for water conservation and saving it is expected that it will minimize the environmental impact of winegrowing and reduce the vulnerability of the vine-wine chain. 4. Conclusions - The WSF should be included as an indicator to determine the uses and consumptions of water in wine production as it is a useful decision-making tool for both companies and governmental authorities. In addition, the results from this work may prompt the comparison between water footprints in regions of Portugal and the rest of the world.
- Avaliação dos impactes ambientais da produção de vinho na região sul de PortugalPublication . Silva, Ellen Cristina Paim; Presumido, Pedro Henrique; Gonçalves, Artur; Saraiva, Artur; Silva, Pedro Oliveira e; Ramôa, Sofia; Bineli, Aulus Roberto; Oliveira, Margarida; Feliciano, ManuelEm Portugal, o sector dos vinhos apresenta um elevado volume de negócios e de valor acrescentado, representando mais de 80%, em número, da indústria de bebidas do país. Nas últimas décadas, além dos esforços desenvolvidos para melhorar a qualidade do produto, os vários intervenientes têm demonstrado uma enorme preocupação relativamente à melhoria da sustentabilidade do setor. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os impactes ambientais associados à produção de vinho tinto em dois sistemas produtivos da região Sul de Portugal, usando a abordagem de análise de ciclo de vida (ACV), e identificar um conjunto de medidas que potenciem a redução dos principais impactes ambientais. A metodologia adotada teve por base a NP EN 14040 de 2008 para ACV, sendo aplicado o software Gabi (thinkstep) e bases de dados CML 2001. A unidade funcional definida foi uma garrafa de 0,75 L e a fronteira do sistema integrou as etapas da viticultura, vinicultura e engarrafamento, ou seja, seguiu-se uma abordagem cradle-to-gate. Os dados relevantes para o estudo foram obtidos, principalmente, a partir da aplicação de questionários junto de empresas do setor e através da consulta de especialistas da área e de base de dados disponíveis. As categorias de impactes analisadas foram o potencial de acidificação (PA), o potencial de eutrofização (PE), o potencial de depleção abiótica (DA) e o potencial de aquecimento global (AG). Os resultados deste estudo indicam que a fase de viticultura é a que mais contribui para o potencial de acidificação e de depleção abiótica, enquanto o potencial de eutrofização e aquecimento glogal está fortemente associado aos processos indiretos na adega. Em particular a etapa de engarrafamento, foi identificada como a mais impactante, juntamente com o uso de eletricidade em todas as etapas. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo serão relevantes para informar futuras decisões que visem a diminuição do impacte ambiental deste setor.
- Life cycle environmental impacts of vineyard in the south PortugalPublication . Silva, Ellen Cristina Paim; Presumido, Pedro Henrique; Gonçalves, Artur; Bineli, Aulus Roberto; Saraiva, Artur; Silva, Pedro Oliveira e; Ramôa, Sofia; Oliveira, Margarida; Feliciano, ManuelAgricultural activities have multiple negative impacts on the environment. In the wine sector, several studies have used the life cycle approach to identify and measure these environmental impacts. The main aim of this study was to determine the environmental impact of two vineyards located in southern Portugal, considering 1 kg of grape yield, using the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology (ISO 14040). The system boundary studied was “from cradle to gate” including grape production and harvesting. The methodology included the use of GaBi software for the assessment of different impact categories (CML 2001 Methods), including the global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP) and abiotic depletion potential (AD). The results show that the contribution in the AP and EP categories were associated with the use of agricultural machinery, while the AD was mostly due to external inputs, namely the production of pesticides. On the other hand, the GWP category, received a very equitable contribution among all production processes. This study allowed for the identification of which production processes may contribute the most to the different environmental impacts, thus prompting the identification of improvement opportunities for more sustainable production in the vineyards stages of the wine production.
- Pegada hídrica – um contributo para a sustentabilidade da fileira vitivinícolaPublication . Saraiva, Artur; Egipto, Ricardo; Presumido, Pedro Henrique; Jorge, Célia; Parenzan, Sílvia; Amaral, Anabela; Ribeiro, A.C.; Ferreira, Albertina; Gonçalves, Artur; Grifo, Anabela; Oliveira, Adelaide; Paulo, Ana; Ribeiro, António E.; Rodrigues, Gonçalo; São Mamede, Henrique; Mira, Helena; Silvestre, José; Ferreira, Luís; Dias, Igor; Feliciano, Manuel; Silva, Pedro Oliveira e; Ramôa, Sofia; Oliveira, MargaridaA escassez de água e o aumento da temperatura decorrente das alterações climáticas têm vindo a levantar preocupações junto do sector vitivinícola, devido ao seu impacto na produção e qualidade do vinho. O uso eficiente dos recursos naturais e a subsequente redução dos custos de produção é hoje um dos objetivos dos vitivinicultores. O projeto WineWaterFootprint avaliou a pegada hídrica na fileira vitivinícola, através do desenvolvimento de uma metodologia aplicada a estudos de caso, com o objetivo de conhecer os padrões de consumo de água e de identificar pontos chave passiveis de melhoria. Em Portugal existe pouca informação relativa à pegada hídrica e nenhuma determinada diretamente com a monitorização de casos de estudo. Da análise dos resultados obtidos ao longo de dois anos de monitorização verificou-se uma pegada hídrica entre 520 e 765 L de água por 0,75 L de vinho produzido, tendo sido a vinha a componente com maior contribuição para o valor global. Apesar de os resultados da pegada hídrica serem similares a outros estudos desenvolvidos na região Mediterrânica a avaliação da sua sustentabilidade, através da análise de ciclo de vida, permitiu identificar pontos críticos e ineficiências na vinha e no processo de produção. Esta metodologia aplicada à fileira constitui um modelo de avaliação da sustentabilidade do produto, com indicadores concretos que podem contribuir para mitigar os impactes decorrentes da sua produção.
- Projeto WineWATERFootprint – determinação da pegada hídrica na fileira vitivinícolaPublication . Saraiva, Artur; Oliveira, Adelaide; Ferreira, Albertina; Loureiro, Ana Cláudia; Paulo, Ana; Grifo, Anabela; Ribeiro, António E.; Mira, Helena; Maurício, José; Ferreira, Luís; Rodrigues, Gonçalo; Silvestre, José; Feliciano, Manuel; Oliveira e Silva, Pedro; Oliveira, MargaridaAs alterações climáticas e a escassez de água daí decorrente têm levantado preocupações junto do setor agrícola, e em particular na fileira vitivinícola, devido ao impacto que esta escassez tem na produtividade e qualidade do vinho. O uso eficiente dos recursos naturais e a subsequente redução dos custos de produção através da adoção de práticas mais sustentáveis é hoje um objetivo dos vitivinicultores. O projeto WineWATERFootprint pretende avaliar a pegada hídrica na fileira vitivinícola através do desenvolvimento de uma metodologia aplicada a estudos de caso. A determinação da pegada hídrica na vinha e no vinho, bem como a avaliação da sua sustentabilidade, permitirá identificar pontos críticos e ineficácias no processo passíveis de mitigação. Com o conhecimento adquirido pretende-se propor e concretizar medidas de gestão da água que reduzam 10% da pegada hídrica. Este projeto terá ainda como output uma aplicação computacional, user friendly, para o cálculo das pegadas azul, verde e cinzenta, de forma independente, na vinha e na adega. O consórcio deste projeto é constituído por 5 instituições de ensino e investigação e por stakeholders, o que no seu conjunto permite o desenvolvimento de sinergias que potenciem a criação do conhecimento e a inovação desta cadeia de valor.
- The impact of the winery's wastewater treatment system on the winery water footprintPublication . Saraiva, Artur; Rodrigues, Gisela; São Mamede, Henrique; Silvestre, José; Dias, Igor; Feliciano, Manuel; Silva, Pedro Oliveira eIn the Mediterranean region, water scarcity has already prompted concern in the wine sector due to the strong impact it has on vineyard productivity and wine quality. Water footprint is an indicator that takes account of all the water involved in the creation of a product and may help producers to identify hotspots, and reduce water consumption and the corresponding production costs. In recent years several studies have been reported on wine water footprint determination, but mostly focused on the viticulture phase or assuming no grey water footprint at the winery since it has a treatment system. In the framework of the WineWaterFootprint project a medium-size winery was monitored, with direct measurements, regarding determination of the blue and grey components of water footprint. The determined winery water footprint ranged from 9.6 to 12.7 L of water per wine bottle of 0.75 L, the wastewater produced being responsible for about 98%, which means that the grey component cannot be disregarded. The developed scenarios show that a potential reduction of 87% in winery water footprint can be obtained with almost no investment. The challenge of reducing the grey footprint is not in technology development, but rather in the proper maintenance and monitoring of treatment systems.
- Water footprint of a wine bottle from the southern region of Portugal by using a life cycle assessment approachPublication . Feliciano, Manuel; Presumido, Pedro Henrique; Gonçalves, Artur; Saraiva, Artur; Jorge, Célia; Ramôa, Sofia; Silva, Pedro Oliveira e; Silvestre, José; Ribeiro, A.C.; Oliveira, MargaridaThe Water Footprint (WF) is currently the best tool to assess the amount of freshwater that is needed to produce a certain amount of product or service, by incorporating not only direct water uses, but also indirect water use and waste production. The main objective of this research was to calculate the WF of a common 0.75 L wine glass bottle, produced in the southern region of Portugal, by using a Life Cycle Assessment methodology. The system boundary was defined based on a cradle-to-gate approach, in order to analyze and improve the water use in both stages of wine production, i.e. the agricultural and the winery stages. Primary data was gathered from two different vineyards and wineries over two consecutive years of growing grapes and producing wine. The GaBi software, with its professional database, was used to assess the potential environmental impacts related to water availability and water quality as set out in the ISO 14046:2014 standard. Water availability was assessed with the main water scarcity regional characterization factors, such as Water Scarcity Index (WSI) and Available WAter REmaning (AWARE) and water quality was evaluated through acidification, eutrophication and aquatic ecotoxicology impact categories. The main results point out that the main wine hotspots are the viticulture phase, mainly due to fuel, fertilizer and pesticides consumption, and the wine primary packaging production. Water saving and efficiency measures are necessary to reduce the risks of severe water stress and water pollution.
- Water footprint sustainability as a tool to address climate change in the wine sector: a methodological approach applied to a portuguese case studyPublication . Saraiva, Artur; Presumido, Pedro Henrique; Silvestre, José; Feliciano, Manuel; Rodrigues, Gonçalo; Silva, Pedro Oliveira e; Damásio, Miguel; Ribeiro, António E.; Ramôa, Sofia; Ferreira, Luís; Gonçalves, Artur; Ferreira, Albertina; Grifo, Anabela; Paulo, Ana; Ribeiro, A.C.; Oliveira, Adelaide; Dias, Igor; Mira, Helena; Amaral, Anabela; São Mamede, Henrique; Oliveira, MargaridaIn the Mediterranean region, climate change is likely to generate an increase in water demand and the deterioration of its quality. The adoption of precision viticulture and the best available techniques aiming at sustainable production, minimizing the impact on natural resources and reducing production costs, has therefore been a goal of winegrowers. In this work, the water footprint (WFP) in the wine sector was evaluated, from the vineyard to the bottle, through the implementation of a methodology based on field experiments and life cycle assessment (LCA) on two Portuguese case studies. Regarding direct water footprint, it ranged from 366 to 899 L/FU (0.75 L bottle), with green water being the most significant component, representing more than 50% of the overall water footprint. The approach used in the current study revealed that although more than 97.5% of the water footprint is associated with vineyard, the winery stage is responsible for more than 75% of the global warming potential indicator. A linear correlation between the carbon footprint and the indirect blue water footprint was also observed for both case studies. Climate change is expected to cause an earlier and prolonged water stress period, resulting in an increase of about 40% to 82% of blue WFP.