Browsing by Author "Prieta Pintado, Fernando De la"
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- Agent-based asset administration shell approach for digitizing industrial assetsPublication . Sakurada, Lucas; Leitão, Paulo; Prieta Pintado, Fernando De laModern manufacturing systems are facing new challenges related to the fast-changing market conditions, increased global competition and rapid technological developments, imposing strong requirements in terms of flexibility, robustness and reconfigurability. In this context, the Industry 4.0 (I4.0) paradigm relies on digitizing industrial assets to fulfil these requirements. The implementation of this digitization process is being promoted by the so-called Asset Administration Shell (AAS), a digital representation of an asset that complies with standardization and interoperability strategies. At this moment, a significant part of the AAS developments is more focused on the information management of the asset along its lifecycle and not concerned with aspects of intelligence and collaboration, which are fundamental aspects to develop I4.0 compliant solutions. In this sense, this paper presents an agent-based AAS approach for enhancing the digitization process of assets, considering agents to embed distributed intelligence and collaborative functions, service orientation to support interoperability, and holonic principles to provide the system organization. The proposed agent-based AAS was implemented in an industrial automation system aiming to analyze its applicability.
- Alignment of digital twin systems with the RAMI 4.0 model using multi-agent systemsPublication . Melo, Victoria; Prieta Pintado, Fernando De la; Leitão, PauloThe Digital Twin approach has emerged in the Industry 4.0 context to perform the design, virtual commissioning and optimization of processes and machines, considering the simulation model feed with real-time data, and articulated with AI data-driven algorithms to extract value and knowledge. The digital Twin can be seen as a way to proceed with the digitalization of production assets, covering the layers dimension defined by the RAMI 4.0 model. However, a pertinent question is related to understand the relationship between the Digital Twin concept and the other two dimensions of the RAMI 4.0 model, and particularly the way to address the distributed nature exhibited by the hierarchy levels and the life-cycle management defined by the life-cycle value stream dimension. Having this in mind, this paper aims to analyse the coverage of the Digital Twin concept according to the three dimensions of the RAMI 4.0 model, particularly considering the inherent capabilities of Multi-agent Systems to support the development of more distributed and pro-active Digital Twin ecosystems that cover the life-cycle management, facing the demands established by Industry 4.0 compliant solutions.
- An intrusion detection system dataset for a multi-agent cyber-physical conveyor systemPublication . Funchal, Gustavo Silva; Zahid, Farzana; Melo, Victoria; Kuo, Matthew M.Y.; Pedrosa, Tiago; Sinha, Roopak; Prieta Pintado, Fernando De la; Leitão, PauloIndustry 4.0 is built upon the foundation of connecting devices and systems via Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, with Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) serving as the backbone infrastructure. Although this approach brings numerous benefits like improved performance, responsiveness and reconfigurability, it also introduces security concerns, making devices and systems vulnerable to cyber attacks. There is a need for effective techniques to protect these systems, and the availability of datasets becomes essential to support the development of such techniques. This paper presents a dataset based on the collection of traffic information exchanged in a self-organizing conveyor system using the multi-agent systems (MAS) architecture and containing various intelligent conveyor modules. The dataset comprises data collected at the network and agent levels under normal system operation, denial of service (DoS) attacks, and malicious agent attacks. An intrusion detection system that integrates Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Machine Learning (ML) analysis is developed to demonstrate the utility of this dataset.
- Design of an ISO 23247 Compliant Digital Twin for an Automotive Assembly LinePublication . Melo, Victoria; Barbosa, José; Mota, Gonçalo; Prieta Pintado, Fernando De la; Leitão, PauloThe integration of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies is transforming various society sectors, and particularly the manufacturing sector, promoting a digital transformation that fosters smart and interconnected systems. The Digital Twin (DT) acts as a key component in the digital transformation landscape and its integration with I4.0 technologies paves the way for the implementation of Zero Defect Manufacturing strategies. A spotlight on the automotive industry underscores the power of DT applications for real-time defect detection and improvement of product quality and process efficiency. However, the proper DT implementation, contributing to their integration and interoperability, requires the compliance with standards and reference architectures. Having this in mind, this paper describes the design of a DT architecture compliant with the ISO 23247 standard and aligned with the RAMI 4.0 to cover the dimensional measurement process comprising inspection stations placed in the body shop area of an automotive assembly line. This implementation enables the real-time and early identification of defects along the assembly process, allowing to prevent their occurrence at a single stage and their propagation to downstream processes.
- Digitization of industrial environments through an industry 4.0 compliant approachPublication . Sakurada, Lucas; Prieta Pintado, Fernando De la; Leitão, PauloAbout a decade after the introduction of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) as a paradigm oriented towards the digitization of industrial environments, centered on the concept of industrial Cyber-physical Systems (CPS) to enable the development of intelligent and distributed industrial systems, many companies around the world are still not immersed in this digital transformation era. This transition is not straightforward and requires the aligned with the novel technologies, architectures and standards to migrate entire traditional systems into I4.0 systems. In this context, this paper presents an approach to perform the digitization of non-I4.0 components/systems into I4.0 through an approach based on the Asset Administration Shell (AAS), which is a standardized digital representation of an asset. This approach enables to hold the asset information throughout its lifecycle, provides a standard communication interface with the asset, and is based on a set of modules that are combined with the AAS to provide novel functionalities for the asset, e.g., monitoring, diagnosis and optimization. Moreover, this approach adopts Multi-agent Systems (MAS) to provide mainly autonomy and collaborative capabilities to the system. The agents are able to get information from the AASs, making intelligent decisions and perform distributed tasks following interaction strategies, e.g., collaboration, negotiation and self-organization. The feasibility of the proposed approach was tested by digitizing a small-scale production system comprising several assets.
- Edge Multi-agent Intrusion Detection System Architecture for IoT Devices with Cloud ContinuumPublication . Funchal, Gustavo Silva; Pedrosa, Tiago; Prieta Pintado, Fernando De la; Leitão, PauloThe Industry 4.0 has brought significant changes in production processes and business models worldwide. Advanced technologies, e.g., Collaborative Robotics, Artificial Intelligence, Cloud Computing, and Internet of Things (IoT) are playing a crucial role in improving efficiency and productivity. However, the adoption of these technologies, particularly IoT, introduces security vulnerabilities and potential attacks due to inadequate security measures. This paper addresses the need for dedicated cybersecurity mechanisms and secure device design in IoT networks, particularly emphasizing the challenges faced in implementing Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) on resourceconstrained IoT edge devices, limiting the use of traditional machine learning based detection methods. Moreover, the limited computational resources of IoT devices require lightweight techniques that have low power requirements but can accurately detect anomalies in the network. To tackle these challenges, a novel multi-agent based architecture is proposed, considering the distribution of nodes along the edge-cloud continuum, and enabling the collaboration among different processes to detect anomalies during attacks. The proposed architecture is evaluated at the edge level using the CICIoT2023 dataset. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using multi-agent systems for a collaborative detection of IoT attacks, contributing to enhance the security of IoT-based systems against cyber threats in Industry 4.0 environments by leveraging lightweight techniques.
- Engineering a multi-agent systems approach for realizing collaborative asset administration shellsPublication . Leitão, Paulo; Sakurada, Lucas; Prieta Pintado, Fernando De laIn recent years, there has been a high demand for flexible and reconfigurable processes to meet the fast-changing market conditions. In this context, Industry 4.0 is promoting the digitization of traditional production systems towards intelligent factories with highly automated and rapidly adaptable capabilities based on Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS). This digitization process is currently being leveraged by the so-called Asset Administration Shell (AAS), a standardized digital representation of an asset that provides the uniform access to the asset information. Additionally, the AASs offer the digital basis for future autonomous systems, where intelligent AASs may perform collaborative functions to enhance industrial processes. However, currently such solutions are still at an early stage of maturity. In this sense, this paper explores the adoption of a Multi-agent Systems (MAS) approach to provide the required intelligent and collaborative aspects for the traditional AAS. The proposed MAS-based AAS solution was applied in an industrial automation case study to analyze the feasibility of MAS to perform intelligent and collaborative functions in the AAS context.
- Exploring digital twin dynamics: an analysis of structure configurationsPublication . Melo, Victoria; Barbosa, José; Pires, Flávia; Prieta Pintado, Fernando De la; Leitão, PauloDigital twin (DT) is an important technology to support the realization of the digital transformation, connecting the physical asset to its virtual copy and fostering real-time monitoring, simulation, and decision-support. However, the benefits of DT depend on its intended purpose and application, which is impacted by the design structure configuration that is used for its implementation. This paper discusses the advantages and challenges of considering different organizational structures for the implementation of DTs, namely centralised, hierarchical and decentralised, complemented with a case study that was used to analyse the implementation of DT focusing on centralised and decentralised approaches. Additionally, the paper includes an analysis of the main aspects of DT structures and their design guidelines, the key enabling technologies and the main challenges of distributing DTs.
- A methodology for integrating asset administration shells and multi-agent systemsPublication . Sakurada, Lucas; Prieta Pintado, Fernando De la; Leitão, PauloIndustry 4.0 (I4.0) is promoting the digitization of industrial environments towards intelligent and distributed industrial automation systems based on Cyber-physical Systems (CPS). Currently, this digitization process is being leveraged by the Asset Administration Shell (AAS), which digitally describes an asset in a standardized and semantically unambiguous form throughout its lifecycle. However, more robust solutions based on autonomous AASs endowed with collaborative and intelligent capabilities, also called proactive AASs, are still in the early stages. In this context, Multi-agent Systems (MAS) are a key enabler to provide the required autonomy, intelligence and collaborative capabilities for the AASs. With this in mind, this paper presents a methodology positioned with respect to the Reference Architecture Model Industrie 4.0 (RAMI4.0) layers, which provides guidelines for integrating AASs and MAS, aiming to support the development of proactive AASs. The applicability of the proposed methodology was tested through the integration of AASs and MAS for a smallscale CPS demonstrator.
- Positioning Cyber-Physical Systems and Digital Twins in Industry 4.0Publication . Pires, Flávia; Melo, Victoria; Queiroz, Jonas; Moreira, António Paulo G. M.; Prieta Pintado, Fernando De la; Estevez, Elisabet; Leitão, PauloIndustry 4.0 has brought innovative concepts and technologies that have greatly improved the development of more intelligent, flexible and reconfigurable systems. Two of these concepts, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) and Digital Twins (DTs), have gained significant attention from various stakeholders, e.g., researchers, industry practitioners, and governmental organizations. Both are vital to support the digitalisation of products, machines, and systems, and they focus on the integration of physical and cyber processes, where one affects the other through feedback loops. Having this in mind, this paper aims to better understand how CPS and DT are correlated, particularly exploring their similarities and differences, their positioning within the Industry 4.0 paradigm, and their convergence to develop Industry 4.0 solutions. Some research challenges to develop Industry 4.0 solutions by integrating these concepts are also discussed.