Browsing by Author "Marcolin, Enrico"
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- Advances and perspectives on the ecology and management of Castanea speciesPublication . Marcolin, Enrico; Clark, Stacy L.; Patrício, Maria Sameiro; Loewe-Muñoz, VerónicaSpecies of chestnut (Castanea spp.) are naturally widespread throughout temperate forests of the northern hemisphere in Asia, Europe, and North America. Populations have been naturalized outside of species’ native ranges in Europe, North America, South America and Oceania. The wide diffusion on a planetary level over tens of millions of years has resulted in high genetic variability within the genus and spe- cies adaptations to disparate environmental conditions (Dane et al., 2003; Mellano et al., 2012; Krebs et al., 2019). Perhaps more than many other tree species, the history of chestnut has been closely linked to human civilizations who utilized chestnut as an agricultural and forest resource over millennia. Chestnut species have had important cultural significance for Indigenous communities, although much Traditional Ecological Knowledge has been lost (Barnhill-Dilling and Delborne, 2019), and chestnut species have been subjected to challenges of the contemporary Anthropocene, from globalization to climate change. Al- terations to disturbance regimes, particularly related to drought and fire, and the introduction of nonnative pests and pathogens, have reduced genetic diversity and population densities, particularly for species in North America, Europe, and western Asia (Mellano et al., 2012; Dalgleish et al., 2016). Forest management practices, genomic tools, tree breeding, and prediction models have been developed and tested to meet these challenges (Jacobs et al., 2013; Fernandes et al., 2022). Most strategies, however, are underdeveloped and species spe- cific, including for American chestnut (Burnham et al., 1986; Ana- gnostakis, 2012; Fei et al., 2012) and sweet chestnut (Conedera et al., 2016; Manetti et al., 2019; Marcolin et al., 2020; Patrício et al., 2020). A global perspective for chestnut sustainability, conservation, and man- agement has largely been missing in the literature, excluding pro- ceedings from International Chestnut Symposia (e.g., Double and MacDonald, 2014).
- Presentation of the new IUFRO Working Party 1.01.13 - Ecology and silviculture of chestnutPublication . Clark, Stacy L.; Patrício, Maria Sameiro; Loewe, Veronica; Marcolin, EnricoIUFRO is a global, non-profit, non-governmental and non-discriminatory organization established in 1892 with headquarters in Vienna, Austria. It unites about 650 member organizations in more than 120 countries representing over 15,000 scientists. The newborn IUFRO Working Party on ecology and silviculture of chestnut (Castanea) includes a team of researchers with expertise in forest management, ecology, and silviculture. The prerogative of the group is to INCLUDE researchers actively interested in PROPOSING, PARTICIPATING and SHARING common research ideas and themes. Goals of this group are to provide knowledge and promote research and management activities that: (i) improve production and sustainability of Castanea forests to serve economic, social, and ecological needs; (ii) restore Castanea trees where they have been extirpated or largely reduced due to non-native pests or pathogens; (iii) improve resilience of Castanea to impacts from climate change; (iv) innovate in multifunctional management approaches of Castanea forests towards valuing of and payment for ecosystem services. Given the wide range of products and functions provided by the Castanea forests, the research group will strive to interact with other units within Division 1 and across other IUFRO-Divisions.
- Presentation of the new IUFRO Working Party 1.01.13 - Ecology and silviculture of chestnutPublication . Clark, Stacy L.; Patrício, Maria Sameiro; Loewe, Veronica; Marcolin, EnricoWe are going to present the newborn IUFRO Working Party on ecology and silviculture of chestnut (Castanea) which includes a team of researchers with expertise in forest management, ecology, and silviculture. The prerogative of the group is to INCLUDE researchers actively interested in PROPOSING, PARTICIPATING and SHARING common research ideas and themes. Goals of this group are to provide knowledge and promote research and management activities that: (i) improve production and sustainability of Castanea forests to serve economic, social, and ecological needs; (ii) restore Castanea trees where they have been extirpated or largely reduced due to non-native pests or pathogens; (iii) improve resilience of Castanea to impacts from climate change; (iv) innovate in multifunctional management approaches of Castanea forests towards valuing of and payment for ecosystem services. Given the wide range of products and functions provided by the Castanea forests, the research group will strive to interact with other units within Division 1 and across other IUFRO-Divisions. Our working party was introduced at an IUFRO Division 1 meeting on February 23, 2021 and was officially formed in May 2021. We have held several virtual meetings to discuss future projects and opportunities for collaboration. Website: https://www.iufro.org/science/divisions/division-1/100 00/101 00/101 13/ From autumn 2021, we are going to provide a thematic NEWSLETTER, in which we aim at sharing information, exchanging research ideas, and building a network among chestnut researchers. The newsletter will be published every 3 months. If you have an item of interest to share, such as meetings, publications, research projects or job opportunities. Newsletter: https://www.iufro.org/science/divisions/division-1/100 00/101 00/101 13/publications/ In addition to this newsletter, our first project is to develop a SPECIAL ISSUE on chestnut ecology and silviculture for the journal Forest Ecology and Management. Special Issue: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/forest-ecology-and-management/call-for-papers/callfor-papers-on-special-issue-ecology-and-management-of-castanea.
- A silvicultural synthesis of sweet (Castanea sativa) and American (C. dentata) chestnutsPublication . Clark, Stacy L.; Marcolin, Enrico; Patrício, Maria Sameiro; Loewe-Muñoz, VerónicaSweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) and American chestnut (C. dentata) have been explicitly linked to ancient, historical, and contemporary cultures while enhancing ecological services in forests in which they occur. Threats that currently face these chestnut species are unprecedented and additive, including global climate change, nonnative pest and pathogen species, land use changes, and lack of scientific knowledge and technologies. In this paper, we provide a synthesis of traditional and novel silvicultural systems for chestnut, focusing on these two important species. We frame the discussion within the context of the species’ cultural and ecological significances, scientific knowledge bases, and associated knowledge gaps. Sweet and American chestnuts require divergent strategies to sustain their conservation values due to differing cultural and ecological landscapes and biological stressors. Both species share the need to conduct active forest management to maintain or restore populations in native or naturalized habitats. Even-aged management is the preferred regeneration method for both species. Coppicing that is commonly implemented for sweet chestnut can provide a potential strategy for American chestnut once disease-resistant material becomes widely available. Blight caused by Cryphonectria parasitica may limit long rotation timber production of American chestnut, even for resistant material, making short-rotation systems a more attractive management option. Advanced artificial regeneration and breeding strategies have been developed for American chestnut but are largely underdeveloped for sweet chestnut. High forests of sweet chestnut can play an important role in new single or mixed species plantations, naturalized stands, or in naturally regenerated stands for production of medium-large dimension timber. American chestnut will likely be managed as a minor to moderate component of mixed species forests to achieve ecological restoration goals. A close-to-nature silvicultural approach has not been tested for either species and may be difficult to implement due to the threats from changing climate conditions and nonnative pathogens. Traditional and emerging markets of sweet chestnut, such as biomass or carbon markets, may help inform future opportunities around American chestnut for tribal and rural communities. Climate change and other threats call for synergistic partnerships and knowledge sharing to maintain or restore sweet and American chestnuts as part of the global ecosystem.