Browsing by Author "Kooh, Pauline"
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- Editorial note to the special issue “Risk factors for sporadic foodborne diseases by meta-analysis of observational studies”Publication . Gonzales-Barron, Ursula; Cadavez, Vasco; Thebault, Anne; Kooh, Pauline; Sanaa, MoezEpidemiological studies are valuable tools for investigating the origin of outbreaks and also sporadic cases in order to better understand the circumstances of foodborne disease occurrence. It is common to report ad hoc analyses of compiled data of food-borne disease outbreaks, however, such analyses including sporadic cases remain relatively rare. In the literature, several case-control and cohort studies have been published that investigate associations of sporadic foodborne diseases with diverse exposure pathways, foods, food handling practices and health pre-conditions in different populations. This special issue compiles several epidemiological studies of spo- radic cases of leading foodborne infectious diseases, and summarises the measurements of associations (odds ratios) of risk factors with the occurrence of sporadic cases. These odds ratio estimates in combination with the frequency of exposure to risk factors will allow the contribu- tions of the different risk factors to be assessed based on calculations of attributable fractions. Source attribution has been traditionally accom- plished by different methods such as epidemiological studies, microbial subtyping models, comparative exposure assessments and expert’s knowledge elicitation. Yet, there has been very few publications using meta-analysis to better understand risk factor identification and help prioritize and quantify interventions measures to reduce the impact of foodborne diseases.
- Food source atribution of human campylobacteriosis by meta-analysis of case-control studiesPublication . Rodrigues, Vânia; Cadavez, Vasco; Kooh, Pauline; Moez, Sanna; Gonzales-Barron, Ursula; Rodrigues, VâniaA case-control study is a powerful approach among epidemiologists to investigate the causal effect of exposure and enteric illness. To combine the associations between sporadic campylobacteriosis and the different food pathways of exposure, the results from relevant case-control studies were extracted and their odds-ratio (OR) measures were meta-analysed within food category partitions by population type, extracting the variability due to both primary studies and model types. In the mixed population, the most important determinants of disease turned out to be: consumption of raw milk (pooted OR=2. 64), poultry (OR=1. 78), raw milk's cheese (OR=1. 72), BBQ meats (OR=1. 67), fast-food composite (OR=1. 59) and raw seafood (OR=1. 50). On the other hand, consumption of raw-egg containing products (OR=4. 85), raw milk (OR=3. 05), pork (OR=2. 34), minced beef (OR=2.27), processed meats (OR=2.18), any composite food eaten out (OR=2.16) and poultry meat (OR=2.08) were found to bear the highest risk of campylobacteriosis in the children population.
- Hierarquização dos factores de risco associados à salmonelose por meta-análise de estudos caso-controloPublication . Rodrigues, Vânia; Cadavez, Vasco; Gonzales-Barron, Ursula; Kooh, Pauline; Sanaa, Moez; Rodrigues, VâniaOs estudos caso-controlo são uma metodologia de investigação em epidemiologia que permitem analisar, de forma retrospectiva, a exposição a factores de risco das doenças entéricas. O objectivo deste trabalho foi sintetizar a associação entre as infecções esporádicas por Salmonella spp. e os factores de risco, através da combinação dos resultados de estudos casocontrolo. Para uniformizar as categorias de exposição, desenvolvemos uma classificação dos eventuais factores de risco, com as seguintes categorias: viagem, especificidades do hospedeiro, transmissão de pessoa a pessoa, contacto com animais, contaminação pelo ambiente e consumo de alimentos. A pesquisa da literatura relevante foi realizada através dos portais da Science Direct, Pubmed, Scielo, 151 Web of Science e Scopus. Em cada estudo caso-controlo, foi recolhida a medida de associação oddsratio (ORs) da doença com a exposição. Os estudos seleccionados foram classificados quanto ao seu potencial de enviesamento, resultante de deficiências do desenho experimental, da selecção da população e dos métodos utilizados na análise dos dados. Foram também extraídas outras características consideradas importantes, tais como: a população, o desenho experimental, a análise estatística dos dados e o(s) factor(es) de risco. Posteriormente, os ORs globais, para cada factor de risco e das rotas de transmissão, foram estimados por modelos de meta-análise com o software R, e hierarquizados.
- Meta-análise do contato com animais como rota de transmissão de toxoplasmose esporádicaPublication . Rodrigues, Vânia; Cadavez, Vasco; Kooh, Pauline; Sanaa, Moez; Gonzales-Barron, Ursula; Rodrigues, VâniaA toxoplasmose é uma infeção causada pelo parasita Toxoplasma gondii, cuja transmissão ocorre por ingestão de alimentos contaminados, contato com animais (zoonose) e de mãe para filho (congénita). O objetivo deste estudo foi sintetizar a associação entre a infeção esporádica por T. gondii e o contato com animais, através da combinação dos resultados de estudos de caso-controlo relevantes, usando a meta-análise para produzir uma estimativa mais precisa da associação global entre o fator de risco e a doença.
- Meta-análise do contato com animais e do consumo de carne como fontes de salmonelose esporádicaPublication . Gonçalves-Tenório, Andiara; Cadavez, Vasco; Rodrigues, Vânia; Kooh, Pauline; Sanaa, Moez; Gonzales-Barron, Ursula; Rodrigues, VâniaAs doenças gastrointestinais representam um importante problema de saúde pública em todo mundo, desta forma a identificação da origem de transmissão é de grande importância para a avaliação e atribuição de risco. Os estudos epidemiológicos de casocontrolo são usados para identificar os fatores de risco associados à transmissão das doenças. A salmonelose, doença causada por vários serotipos de Salmonella spp., pode ser transmitida ao homem de diversas formas. De uma forma geral, os casos esporádicos de salmonelose não partilham o mesmo fator de risco ou rota de contaminação, de modo que os estudos que medem a relação de probabilidades (“odds ratio”, OR) de qualquer fonte de transmissão podem ocultar os riscos reais tornando-os mais difíceis de detetar (Fullerton et al., 2012). Por exemplo, o frango assado é uma importante fonte de contaminação por Salmonella spp., todavia a maioria das porções de frango não estão contaminadas, de modo que a probabilidade de uma pessoa adquirir salmonelose pelo consumo de frango assado é apenas um pouco superior à das pessoas que não consomem frango assado (controlo).
- Meta-análise do contato com animais e do consumo de carne como fontes de salmonelose esporádicaPublication . Gonçalves-Tenório, Andiara; Cadavez, Vasco; Rodrigues, Vânia; Kooh, Pauline; Sanaa, Moez; Gonzales-Barron, Ursula; Rodrigues, VâniaAs doenças gastrointestinais representam um importante problema de saúde pública em todo mundo, desta forma a identificação da origem de transmissão é de grande importância para a avaliação e atribuição de risco. Os estudos epidemiológicos de casocontrolo são usados para identificar os fatores de risco associados à transmissão das doenças. A salmonelose, doença causada por vários serotipos de Salmonella spp., pode ser transmitida ao homem de diversas formas. De uma forma geral, os casos esporádicos de salmonelose não partilham o mesmo fator de risco ou rota de contaminação, de modo que os estudos que medem a relação de probabilidades (“odds ratio”, OR) de qualquer fonte de transmissão podem ocultar os riscos reais tornando-os mais difíceis de detetar (Fullerton et al., 2012). Por exemplo, o frango assado é uma importante fonte de contaminação por Salmonella spp., todavia a maioria das porções de frango não estão contaminadas, de modo que a probabilidade de uma pessoa adquirir salmonelose pelo consumo de frango assado é apenas um pouco superior à das pessoas que não consomem frango assado (controlo).
- Pathogens-in-Foods (PIF): An open-access European database of occurrence data of biological hazards in foodsPublication . Gonzales-Barron, Ursula; Faria, Ana Sofia; Thebault, Anne; Guillier, Laurent; Mendes, Lucas Ribeiro; Silva, Lucas Ribeiro; Messens, Winy; Kooh, Pauline; Cadavez, VascoThe collection of occurrence data of foodborne pathogens in foods faces the hindrances of dispersion of information, lack of standardisation and harmonisation, and ultimately, high expenditure in time and resources. The Pathogens-in-Foods (PIF) database was conceived as a solution to centralise published data on prevalence and concentration of pathogenic bacteria, viruses and parasites occurring in foods, obtained through systematic review (SR), and categorised in harmonised data structures under controlled terminologies. The present article outlines how PIF was constructed to adhere to the FAIR (findability, accessibility, interoperability and reusability) principles for scientific data management; and proceeds with a description of the PIF concept, which entails two phases: the SR process and the population of PIF. The protocolled SR process is supported by a welldefined search strategy, inclusion criteria, and rules for internal validation assessment; whereas the population of PIF with new data relies in data extraction, validation and release. The article then introduces a novel data quality approach, named as the CCC approach (data consistency, conformity and completeness), which ensures proper interpretation of data, richness of data, and flawless transcription of data. After a brief explanation of the three PIF components – database, back-end and front-end – the article proceeds with the exposition of the data model, as well as the capabilities of the front-end, including data search, insertion and curation. The future of PIF lies in expanding its capabilities, addressing emerging challenges, and leveraging technological advancements to maintain its relevance and utility in the evolving landscape of food safety.
- Pathogens-in-Foods database: A web application for assessing the occurrence data of microbiological hazards in foods marketed in EuropePublication . Faria, Ana Sofia; Winter, Maiara; Thebault, Anne; Guillier, Laurent; Sanaa, Moez; Kooh, Pauline; Cadavez, Vasco; Gonzales-Barron, UrsulaPathogens-in-Foods (PIF) is a dynamic database constructed using systematic literature searches of occurrence data (prevalence and enumeration) of important pathogenic agents (Bacillus cereus, Campylobacter spp., Clostridium perfringens, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Yersinia enterocolitica, Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Hepatitis A virus, Hepatitis E virus and Norovirus) in foods randomly surveyed across Europe. After filtering the primary studies, these were screened for relevance and methodological quality, and the data were extracted into the PIF database following a systematic categorisation of microbiological methods, food types and outcomes. The database is freely accessible through a web application that facilitates data retrieval according to several relevant variables. The PIF spans data published from 2000 onwards and is intended for use by researchers and food authorities after meta-analysis, in microbiological risk assessment.
- Pathogens-in-foods: a database of occurrence of microbial hazerds in foods commercialised in EuropePublication . Deusdado, Sérgio; Cadavez, Vasco; Rodrigues, Vânia; Kooh, Pauline; Moez, Sanna; Gonzales-Barron, Ursula; Rodrigues, VâniaThe objective of this study was to build a database of the occurrence (both prevalence and counts) of the most important biological hazards in foods commercialised in Europe. For this, systematic literature searches were first conducted for every pathogen; namely, Salmonella, Campylobacter, Shigatoxin-producing Escherichia co//, Listería monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, Toxoplasma gondií, norovirus, Hepatitis A vírus, Hepatitis E virus, Cryptosporidium ana Giardia duodenalis; and after screening for relevance and methodological quality assessment, data were carefully extracted from the primary studies into a harmonised arrangement consisting of primary study characteristics, food characteristics ana stage within the food chain, microbiological methods, prevalence results, enumeration results and potential for bias. Based on the microbiological survey results extracted from 977 primary studies, the database Pathogens-ln-Foods hás been constructed to facilitate data access and retrieval according to hazard, food class, country or any other relevant variable, with the ability to execute simple statistical calculations.
- Risk factors for sporadic campylobacteriosis: a systematic review and meta-analysisPublication . Fravalo, Philippe; Kooh, Pauline; Mughini-Gras, Lapo; David, Julie; Thébault, Anne; Cadavez, Vasco; Gonzales-Barron, UrsulaCampylobacter spp. is an important causative agent of diarrheal illness worldwide. The disease is frequently associated with foodborne transmission, but other routes of exposure are increasingly recognized. A systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies were performed to determine the main risk factors associated with sporadic campylobacteriosis. Suitable scientific articles published up to March 2017 were identified through a systematic literature search and subject to methodological quality assessment. From each study, odds ratios (OR) as measures of association were extracted or calculated, as well as study characteristics such as study population, design, type of model used and risk factor categorization. Mixed-effects meta-analytical models were adjusted by population type to appropriate data partitions. From 4453 identified references, the quality assessment stage was passed by 71 case-control studies focusing on sporadic campylobacteriosis. The eligible studies were conducted between 1981 and 2012 and provided 1336 ORs for meta-analysis. The meta-analysis identified international travel (pooled OR=4.626), recent use of gastric antacids (pooled OR=2.911), occupational exposure to animals/carcasses (pooled OR=3.022), and food consumption (in particular raw or undercooked eggs, poultry, beef, and dairy) as the main risks factors for sporadic campylobacteriosis in the mixed population. In the child population, the main risk factors concerned environmental/animal transmission routes (e.g. drinking untreated water (pooled OR=3.261), exposure to recreational water (pooled OR=3.156), exposure to farm/rural environment (pooled OR=3.128), contact with farm animals (pooled OR=2.747), person-to-person transmission (pooled OR=2.736) and consumption of raw milk (pooled OR =2.603). The results of this meta-analysis highlight the importance of overlooked routes and vehicles of transmission (environment, animal contact, and other food vehicles) of Campylobacter that should be explored in dedicated studies.
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