Percorrer por autor "Henriques, Dora"
A mostrar 1 - 10 de 204
Resultados por página
Opções de ordenação
- Abelha melífera dos Açores: estudo epidemiológicaPublication . Lopes, Ana; Miranda, Joachim; Martín-Hernández, Raquel; Henriques, Dora; Pinto, M. AliceOs Açores são um local único para estudos epidemiológicos da abelha devido à distribuição heterogénea de um dos principais responsáveis pelo seu declínio mundial: Varroa destructor. Ademais, o fungo Nosema ceranae e vários vírus têm sido apontados como um problema sanitário. Assim, este é o primeiro estudo epidemiológico nos Açores para avaliar o estatuto da N. ceranae e os mais importantes vírus das abelhas: BQCV1, SBV2, CBPV3, LSV4, DWV5, AKI6 e BeeMLV7. Analisaram-se 474 amostras de oito das nove ilhas em 2014/2015 e 92 de quatro ilhas em 2020. O ADN e ARN foram extraídos e o diagnóstico e carga viral foram obtidos por RT-qPCR. Apenas Flores e Sta Maria não têm Nc, nas restantes ilhas a carga é variável, ocorrendo um aumento significativo em S. Jorge e Terceira em 2020. Os vírus BQCV e LSV estão em todas as ilhas amostradas sendo as cargas virais significativamente diferentes entre elas. Relativamente ao LSV, Flores apresentou a carga mais baixa e Pico a mais elevada. SBV existe apenas no Faial e Pico, sem diferenças nas cargas. CBPV tem prevalências baixas, tendo sido detetado no Pico, S. Miguel, Graciosa, Terceira, Faial, com cargas elevadas, à exceção de Graciosa e Pico. S. Jorge e Terceira não têm DWV, sendo que as restantes têm prevalências variáveis e cargas virais diferentes em ambos os anos. AKI e BeeMLV não foram detetados. Este estudo mostra que os Açores são um local privilegiado para a apicultura, com várias ilhas livres dos principais patógenos que afligem a abelha melífera no mundo.
- Adaptação local na abelha ibéricaPublication . Henriques, Dora; Wallberg, Andreas; Chávez-Galarza, Julio; Neves, Cátia J.; Costa, Filipe Oliveira; Webster, Matthew T.; Pinto, M. AlicePerceber a base genética do processo de adaptação permite uma previsão de como os organismos poderão responder a mudanças ambientais. A sequenciação de genomas a baixo custo, juntamente com os avanços das ferramentas estatísticas e computacionais possibilitam a compreensão da base genética da adaptação. O objectivo deste trabalho é o estudo da adaptação local da abelha ibérica, tendo como base algoritmos que permitem a incorporação de dados genéticos e ambientais. A Península Ibérica constituiu um local de interesse para este tipo de estudos por ser constituída por uma diversidade climática como Mediterrânico e Atlântico. Foram sequenciados 86 genomas de indivíduos distribuídos em 3 transectos (Atlântico, Central e Mediterrâneo) de forma a representar a diversidade climática existente na Península Ibérica. Em cada ponto de amostragem os dados de latitude e longitude foram recolhidos e variáveis ambientais foram retiradas das bases de dados WorldClim e Climatic Research Unit. Os métodos LFMM e Samβada, que integram informação genética e ambiental foram utilizados para procurar sinais de selecção. A vantagem destes métodos é que se pode perceber quais as variáveis ambientais que exercem uma pressão selectiva e que genes estão associados a cada variável. No total foram identificados 1289449 SNPs, dos quais 2193 mostraram estar significativamente associados com variáveis ambientais. Estes estão localizados em 826 genes. No conjunto das variáveis ambientais utilizadas, a longitude, latitude e precipitação apresentaram um maior num de SNPs associados. Foram encontrados genes com diversas funções, por exemplo quatro genes parecem relacionados com o desenvolvimento do sistema imunitário e este encontram associados à longitude, para a latitude proteínas de ligação parecem ser predominantes, já na precipitação aparecem genes relacionados com a morfogénese, actividade transportadora transmembranar e actividade olfactória. Este estudo representa primeira tentativa de compreender a base genética da adaptação local a partir de genomas completos.
- Adaptive genomic variation in honey bees from arid regionsPublication . Yadró Garcia, Carlos A.; Henriques, Dora; Haddad, N.; Obeidat, W. M.; AlShagour, B.; Muz, Mustafa Necati; Arab, A.; Eissa, A. A.; Hosri, C.; Lamghari, F.; Arruda, J.; Rufino, José; Martín Hernández, R.; Nanetti, A.; Pinto, M. AliceThe Middle East is home to a large number of Apis mellifera subspecies that have evolved under extreme aridity and desertic conditions. Therefore, they represent a unique opportunity to disentangle the genetic basis of adaptation to such challenging environmental conditions. We arranged a collection of 514 drone samples (haploid males) split into two latitudinal transects. Transect 1 comprised 342 samples: 66 A. m. lamarckii (Egypt), 197 A. m. syriaca (Jordan), 30 A. m. syriaca (Lebanon), 21 A. m. meda (southeastern Turkey), and 27 A. m. anatoliaca (Anatolia, Turkey). Transect 2 comprised 173 samples: 14 A. m. jemenitica (Oman), 9 A. m. jemenitica (UAE), 75 A. m. meda (Iran), and 75 A. m. caucasia (northeastern Turkey). For all samples, whole genomes were resequenced, and environmental and bioclimatic variables were retrieved from WorldClim. For each transect, we applied three genotype–environment association methods (Samβada, pRDA, and LFMM) and one outlier-detection approach (PCAdapt) to identify SNPs associated with environmental adaptation. SNPs were annotated, and the intersection of genes between the four methods in each transect was analysed for gene enrichment. In both transects, enriched terms included genes related to biological regulation through endocrine, neuroendocrine, and neurotransmitter pathways. The regulation of gene expression was also enriched, including several transcription factors, especially HOX genes. Transmembrane and ionic transporters also seem to play a central role in environmental adaptation in these subspecies. Finally, neurogenesis, synapse establishment, and neural system development were also enriched. When gene enrichment analysis was set to exclude electronic annotations (automatically assigned, non-curated GO terms), enriched terms included processes such as behaviour, learning or memory, cognition, and associative and olfactory learning and behaviour. Our findings point to a complex suite of regulatory and sensory 62 pathways that collectively shape the environmental adaptation of honey bee subspecies that have evolved in arid environments.
- An unprecedented large-scale survey of honey bee mitochondrial diversity in Europe: c-lineage dominance and the need for conservation effortsPublication . Li, Fernanda; Costa, Maíra; Lopes, Ana Rita; Gonçalves, Telma; Henriques, Dora; Quaresma, Andreia; Yadró Garcia, Carlos A.; Albo, Alexandre; Blažytė-Čereškienė, Laima; Brodschneider, Robert; Brusbardis, Valters; Carreck, Norman L.; Charistos, Leonidas; Chlebo, Robert; Coffey, Mary F.; Dahle, Bjørn; Danneels, Ellen; Dobrescu, Constantin; Dupleix-Marchal, Anna; Filipi, Janja; Gajda, Anna; Gratzer, Kristina; Groeneveld, Linn Fenna; Hatjina, Fani; Johannesen, Jes; Kolasa, Michal; Körmendy-Rácz, János; Kovačić, Marin; Kristiansen, Preben; Martikkala, Maritta; McCormack, Grace P.; Martín-Hernández, Raquel; Pavlov, Borce; Pietropaoli, Marco; Poirot, Benjamin; Radev, Zheko; Raudmets, Aivar; René-Douarre, Vincent; Roessink, Ivo; Škerl, Maja Ivana Smodiš; Soland-Reckeweg, Gabriele; Titera, Dalibor; Van der Steen, Jozef; Varnava, Andri; Vejsnæs, Flemming; Webster, Matthew T.; Fedoriak, Mariia M.; Zarochentseva, Oksana; Graaf, Dirk C. de; Pinto, M. AliceEurope is home to ten Apis mellifera subspecies, which belong to three mitochondrial lineages: the Western European (M), Eastern European (C), and African (A). However, the long-standing human-mediated movement of queens, primarily of C-lineage ancestry, has threatened the genetic integrity of many of these native subspecies through introgression and replacement. This has led to the establishment of conservation programs to recover the native lines in some European countries. The maternally-inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), particularly the highly polymorphic intergenic region tRNAleu-cox2, has been the marker of choice for assessing honey bee variation and introgression at large geographical scales. Herein, we will show the results of the tRNAleu-cox2 variation obtained from over 1200 colonies sampled across the range of the ten subspecies and covering 33 European countries. These revealed that apart from a few countries (Portugal, Spain, and Ireland) and isolated protected populations, European populations are predominantly dominated by C-lineage haplotypes, and many native subspecies exhibit a signature of C-derived introgression. In conclusion, this unprecedented survey of honey bee diversity across Europe underscores the concerning dominance of C-lineage genetic variation, highlighting the urgent need for strategic conservation efforts to preserve the native genetic diversity of Apis mellifera.
- Análisis de introgresión en Apis mellifera iberiensis y Apis mellifera mellifera usando polimorfismos de nucleótidos simples (SNPs)Publication . Chávez-Galarza, Julio; Henriques, Dora; Johnston, J. Spencer; Rufino, José; Pinto, M. AliceDiferentes estudios basados en marcadores morfométricos, ecolégicos, microsatélites y mtDNA han agrupado las subespecies de A. mellifera en cuatro linajes evolutivos: Africano (A), Medio Oriente (O), Este y Centro de Europa (C), Norte y Oeste de Europa (M). El linaje M está representado por las subespecies A. m. iberiensis y A. m. mellifera, cuya distribución es la Peninsula lbérica y desde los Pirineos hacia el Norte de Europa respectivamente. Durante las últimas décadas, la introducción masiva de subespecies del linaje C por parte de los apicultores ha ocasionado un elevado flujo génico y más aún el casi complete remplazamiento de A. m. mellifera, como ha sido reportado para Alemania. Por tanto, el análisis de los niveles de introgresión en programas de cría y conservación es de vital importancia para evitar la pérdida de diversidad genética y la sustitución de especies nativas. Este estudio busca identificar los niveles cle introgresión de subespecies del linaje C en las subespecies pertenecientes al linaje M a través de un análisis amplio del genoma usando SNPs. Para ello se genotiparon 711 individuos de A. m. iberiensis y 88 de A. m. mellifera con 1536 SNPs. Las subespecies de linaje C A. m. ligustica y A. m. carnica se usaron como referencia. Los niveles de introgresión fueron evaluados usando un método de agrupamiento Bayesiano implementado en el software STRUCTURE. Nuestros resultados indicaron que la introgresión en A. m iberiensis no es significativa, a diferencia de A. m. mellifera que presentó de 8% a 30% de introgresión. Considerando que muchas de las muestras de A. m. mellifera son provenientes de poblaciones integradas en programas de conservación en el Norte de Europa, este resultado evidencia el profundo contraste entre las dos subespecies del linaje M con respecto a su estado de conservación.
- Análisis de introgresión en Apis mellifera iberiensis y Apis mellifera mellifera usando polimorfismos de nucleótidos simples (SNPs)Publication . Chávez-Galarza, Julio; Henriques, Dora; Johnston, J. Spencer; Rufino, José; Pinto, M. AliceDiferentes estudios han agrupado las subespecies de A. mellifera en cuatro linajes evolutivos basados sobre marcadores morfométricos, ecológicos, microsatélites y mtDNA: Africano (A), Medio Oriente (O), Este y Centro de Europa (C), Norte y Oeste de Europa (M). El linaje M está representado por las subespecies A. m. iberiensis y A. m. mellifera, cuya distribución es la Península Ibérica para la primera y desde los Pirineos hacia el Norte de Europa para la segunda. Durante las últimas décadas, la introducción masiva de subespecies del linaje C por apicultores ha ocasionado un fuerte flujo génico y más aún al casi completo remplazamiento de A. m. mellifera, como ha sido reportado para Alemania. Por tanto, el análisis de niveles de introgresión en programas de crianza y conservación es de vital importancia para evitar la perdida de diversidad genética y sustitución de especies nativas. Este estudio busca identificar los niveles de introgresión de subespecies del linaje C en las subespecies pertenecientes al linaje M a través de un análisis amplio del genoma usando SNPs. Para 711 individuos correspondiente a A. m. iberiensis y 88 individuos A. m. mellifera fueron genotipados 1536 SNPs. Las subespecies de linaje C A. m. ligustica y A. m. carnica fueron usados como poblaciones de referencia. Los niveles de introgresión fueron evaluados usando un método de agrupamiento Bayesiano implementado en el software STRUCTURE. Nuestros resultados indicaron que la introgresión en A. m .iberiensis no es significante, a diferencia en A. m. mellifera que presentó de 8% a 30% de introgresión. Considerando que muchas de las muestras de A. m. mellifera son provenientes de poblaciones integradas en programas de conservación en el Norte de Europa, este resultado evidencia el profundo contraste entre las dos subespecies del linaje M con respecto a su estado de conservación.
- Applying a SNP-based tool for conservation of wild and managed black bees in IrelandPublication . Browne, Keith A.; Henriques, Dora; Pinto, M. Alice; Native Irish Honey Bee Society; McCormack, Grace P.Apis mellifera mellifera (Amm) is threatened over much of its natural range. However, in Ireland microsatellite and mitochondrial data have shown that a significant population of this subspecies exists in pure form and is spread over a large geographical region on the Island. Black bees have been managed and protected by beekeepers on the island, some of whom formed the Native Irish Honeybee Society (NIHBS)in 2012 and a breeding programme was initiated for Amm in 2014/2015. The application of a SNP panel that detects hybridization between M and C lineages clearly supports other data showing that the majority of beekeepers included in the breeding programme indeed have bees with very low to no introgression from the C lineage. Furthermore, SNP data has also been applied to the first feral bee colonies located in Ireland subsequent to the introduction of Varroa. Here we will present on the use of molecular data as an aid to manage and conserve honeybees in Ireland, and to elucidate patterns in colour variation and honeybee subspecies purity in wild and managed bees with a view towards improving conservation approaches in the face of a potential hybridization threat.
- Applying molecular tools for conservation of wild and managed black bees in IrelandPublication . Browne, Keith A.; Henriques, Dora; Hassett, Jack; Geary, Michael; Moore, E.; Pinto, M. Alice; Native Irish Honey Bee Society; McCormack, Grace P.Apis mellifera mellifera (black bees) is threatened over much of its natural range. However, in Ireland microsatellite and mitochondrial data have shown that a significant population of this subspecies exists in pure form and spread over a large geographical region on the Island. Black bees have been managed and protected by beekeepers on the island, some of who formed the Native Irish Honeybee Society in 2012. The application of a SNP panel that detects hybridization between M and C lineages clearly supports other data in that the majority of beekeepers included who purported to keep black bees indeed have bees that show very low to no introgression from the C lineage. Furthermore, SNP data has also been applied to the first feral bee colonies located in Ireland subsequent to the introduction of Varroa. Long considered extinct, feral bees sampled to date show high levels of A. m. mellifera purity using SNPs. Here we will present this data and also discuss the use of this SNP panel to elucidate patterns in colour variation and honeybee subspecies purity in wild and managed bees towards improving conservation approaches in the face of potential hybridization threat.
- Applying reduce SNP assays for inferring C-lineage introgression patterns in Iberian honeybee populations of the Azores archipelagoPublication . Lopes, Ana; Neves, Cátia J.; Ferreira, Helena; Henriques, Dora; Quaresma, Andreia; Martín-Hernández, Raquel; Azevedo, João; Pinto, M. AliceThe genetic composition of the honeybee populations of the Macaronesian archipelago of the Azores is poorly known. Until now, only honeybee populations of the island of São Miguel have been surveyed for genetic variation through the use of the tRNAleu-cox2 intergenic mitochondrial DNA region and microsatellites. Here, we combine data from the mtDNA obtained with the DraI test (intergenic region) and from the nuclear DNA obtained with newly developed reduced SNP assays to provide a complete picture of introgression patterns in the Azorean honeybee populations at both mitochondrial and nuclear compartments. The sampling was carried out in 2014 and 2015 and comprised 474 colonies widely distributed across the 8 islands populated by honeybees. Our cyto-nuclear results show that C-derived introgression varies across the archipelago ranging from virtually pure populations of the Iberian honeybee in the island of Santa Maria (Q-values <5%) to highly introgressed populations in the island of Graciosa (Q-values>30%). The introgression levels are alarming and contrast with those of the Iberian honeybee populations of the mainland in Iberia, which are still virtually free of C-derived introgression, despite frequent importation of commercial queens.
- Assessing pesticide impact on honeybee gut microbiota: a call for microbial diversity as an environmental risk assessment endpointPublication . Rosa-Fontana, Annelise; Aguado, Daniel; Martín Hernández, Raquel; Higes, Mariano; Henriques, Dora; Pinto, M. AliceA recent roadmap for integrating environmental microbiota into risk assessments under the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) remit has been published. The honeybee gut microbiota has emerged as a promising avenue to protect bees against stressors. Honeybees exhibit a stable core microbiota, and dysbiosis may serve as an indicator of adverse conditions. We investigated the gut microbiota of newly emerged “Apis mellifera iberiensis” workers exposed to a single concentration of the insecticide flupyradifurone (FPF, 36 ppm). The control groups included pure syrup (negative control, NC) and syrup supplemented with 1% acetone (acetone control, AC). Laboratory trials followed official guidelines (OECD No. 245). The abdomen of each bee was separated from the thorax, and DNA extraction was performed individually. Full-length 16s rRNA amplicon metagenomic was sequenced through PacBio sequel II (HiFi/CCS mode). The Shannon diversity index was used to analyze honeybee gut microbiota composition across experimental groups. Our results revealed a significant increase in bacterial community diversity (Shannon index, P = 0.003) after ten days of chronic exposure to FPF. This effect was more pronounced when compared to the AC group (P = 0.003) than to the NC group (P = 0.03). These findings demonstrate that FPF disrupts the honeybee gut microbiota. This study represents the first characterization of honeybee gut microbiota strictly adhering to OECD guidelines without modifications or adaptations. Furthermore, we have provided new insights into pesticide risk assessment, highlighting an overlooked aspect of bee health assessment. We propose integrating this approach into pesticide risk assessments by using diversity indices as comparative parameters. Specifically, we advocate for the inclusion of honeybee gut microbiota dysbiosis as a sublethal effect in the initial screening phase of risk assessments (laboratory-based assays) and as a key parameter for evaluating pollinator health.