Browsing by Author "Goes, Hugo"
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- Bioactive compounds of spontaneous hop and hop in cultivars in the northeast of PortugalPublication . Santos, Briolanja; Pedro, Luís G.; Pereira, Olívia R.; Goes, Hugo; Cardoso, Susana M.; Sousa, Maria JoãoHop, whose scientific name is Humulus lupulus L., is a species of the family Cannabaceae, with climbing, perennial and dioecious characteristics of great importance due to its compounds of interest such as polyphenols and acids. The female inflorescences have glands that secrete mainly lupulin. Hop is known worldwide as an essential raw material and flavoring agent in beer production. Phytochemical compounds from the plant such as xanthohumol, humulone and lupulone have also been used in cosmetics. Moreover, the plant has beneficial properties -anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant. The area of Bragança (Trás-os-Montes) is rich in spontaneous hop and cultivars. The samples of spontaneous hop were collected in different areas of the Bragança district and were analyzed and compared to the varieties of cultivars (Nugget, Polaris, Cascade, Centennial and Chinook). The volatiles extracted from the female cones, in a LikensNickerson system, were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The α- and β-acids, from where extracted with calibration standard ICE-3 and analyzed by HPLC. Characterization of α- and β-acids, and of the phenolic profile of the Hop samples, was also performed by UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn. The cultivars and their respective spontaneous varieties showed similarities in the monoterpenic component, with β-myrcene as the main compound. Regarding HPLC analyses, cultivars showed total values about 15% of α-acids and about 4% of β-acids, while the spontaneous variety showed 7% of α-acids and 9% of β-acids, corresponding to the compounds cohumulona, humulone, colupulona, lupulona and xanthohumol. Quercetin and kaempferol glycosides were also present in some extracts as minor compounds.
- Characterization of aromatic compounds and α and β acids from Humulus lupulus L.Publication . Goes, Hugo; Morais, Jorge Sá; Pedro, Luís G.; Sousa, Maria JoãoThis study as the objective of aromatic compounds and α and β acids characterization from Humulus lupulus L., commonly known as hops. Volatile components extracted from spontaneous hops collected in the Bragança area were analyzed and compared with those of commercial varieties. Hops have bactericidal and bacteriostatic action, promoted by α and β acids, also responsible for some of the bitter aromas of beer. The plant material was harvested in different areas of the district of Bragança, next to water courses. The female cones were collected and the volatiles were extracted in a Likens-Nickerson system and then analyzed by CG and CGMS. Extraction of α and β acids of selected varieties and spontaneous clones, these samples were analyzed in HPLC. The results obtained show a certain similarity in the monoterpene 157 component, with β myrcene as the major compound and notorious differences in the sesquiterpene component, evident in the cases of α humulene. Also worthy of note is the greater richness of the sesquiterpene component of some spontaneous clones, in particular in the oxygenated compounds. In relation to the data obtained in HPLC, we compared samples of differents varieties of cultivars (Nugget, Cascade, Chinook and others), with samples of spontaneous clones from distinct places in the region.
- Comparative study of bioactive compounds in cultivars and spontaneous plants of hopsPublication . Goes, Hugo; Morais, Jorge Sá; Pedro, Luís G.; Sousa, Maria JoãoHumulus lupulus L. is a species of the Cannabaceae family. Hop, as it is commonly known, is a perennial, dioecious and usually diploid (2n = 20) herbaceous plant [1]. It is in beer production that hops have their greatest economic value at the international level, gaining a recent projection due to the increase of the artisan beer industry. Due to the production of compounds with bactericidal action, particularly against Gram-negative bacteria, hops came to solve problems related to the conservation of beer [2]. However, in addition to this property, hops contain other compounds that confer sedative, diuretic and antiarthritic properties. As an ethnobotanical use, the dried flowers were used in pillows called "hop pads", to fight insomnia. The use of dried and green hop inflorescences for diuretic uses and for disorders of the digestive tract, have been recorded in the Montesinho park area. In China, alcoholic extracts of hops were used in different dosages to treat different types of leprosy, tuberculosis and dysentery. In addition to its use in infusions as a tonic, this use has already occurred since the Middle Age where it was used and considered a medicinal herb.
- Componente volátil de lúpulo: uma análise comparativa entre clones espontâneos e variedadesPublication . Goes, Hugo; Pedro, Luís G.; Sousa, Maria JoãoO Humulus lupulus L. é uma espécie pertencente à família Cannabaceae. O lúpulo, como é vulgarmente conhecido, é uma planta herbácea perene, dióica e normalmente diplóide (2n=20) [1]. É na produção de cerveja que o lúpulo apresenta o seu maior valor económico a nível internacional. Foi na Flandres que começou verdadeiramente a produção de cerveja, uma vez que desde o início da sua fabricação na Mesopotâmia, até então, a cerveja era uma bebida adocicada, baseada na fermentação de malte, com o nome de Ale sendo a sua conservação um dos maiores problemas. A utilização de lúpulo veio resolver esse problema, visto que produz compostos com acção bactericida, em particular contra bactérias Gram-negativas [2]. A sua produção estendeu-se por toda a Europa e, daí, ao resto do mundo. Actualmente a procura de novos aromas tem vindo a aumentar, impulsionada pela recente expansão da produção artesanal de cerveja em Portugal. Uma vez que existe lúpulo espontâneo em grande parte do país, a recolha e análise dos aromas desses lúpulos poderá levar-nos ao desenvolvimento de novos e mais aromas. As componentes voláteis extraídas de lúpulos espontâneos recolhidos na zona de Bragança, foram analisadas e comparadas com as de variedades comerciais. Material e métodos: O material vegetal foi colhido em diferentes zonas do distrito de Bragança, junto a cursos de água. Os cones femininos foram recolhidos e os voláteis foram extraídos num sistema Likens-Nickerson e posteriormente analisados por CG e CG-EM. Resultados e conclusão: Os resultados obtidos evidenciam uma certa semelhança na componente monoterpénica, com o β-mirceno como composto maioritário (75 e 64%, respectivamente na amostra do cultivar e na amostra do espontâneo) e diferenças notórias na componente sesquiterpénica, bem evidente nos casos do α-humulene (12% no cultivar, 0,2% no espontâneo) e do trans-β-farnesene (não detectado no cultivar, 9% no espontâneo). É também merecedor de realce a maior riqueza da componente sesquiterpénica do clone espontâneo, em particular nos compostos oxigenados
- Development of an anti-aging gel with natural products: hydro-alcoholic extracts and essential oils of two species of Salvia sspPublication . Goes, Hugo; Meireles, Estela; Pereira, Olívia R.; Fernandes, Conceição; Sousa, Maria João; Pedro, Luís G.Salvia officinalis L. and Salvia elegans are perennial plants belonging to Lamiaceae family. New reviews are highlighted pharmacological results attributed to S. officinalis, including anticancer,anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antimutagenic, antidementia, hypoglycemic,and hypolipidemic effects. The phytochemicals reported from S. officinalis have been isolated from its essential oil, and infusion preparation. More than 120 components have been characterized in the essential oil of S. officinalis (Ghorbani Esmaeilizadeh, 2017). The objective of this study was to create two anti-ageing gels (Carbopol and Methylcellulose) using essential oil of S. officinalis and hydroalcoholic extracts of S. officinalis and S. elegans. The essential oil was use as preservative and the hydroalcoholic extracts was the bioactive compounds, since it is rich in phenolic compounds with antioxidant capacity. These formulas were put through several tests: stability, physic/chemical, and acute toxicity evaluations. The toxicity test was established using Daphnia magna with objective of LC50 determination after 12 hours. Young daphnids are exposed to a range of concentrations of oil extracts, as well as hydroalcoholic extracts. For S. officinalis five oil concentrations were tested (0.15% to 2.50%) and for S. officinalis and S. ellegans three hydroalcoholic extracts concentrations were tested (1.25%, 2.5%, 5%). Considering S. officinalis, results suggest a decrease toxicity with time exposition, probably due to light or/and oxygen. Considering hydroalcoholic extracts, values of LC50 obtained suggest that, although same pattern, S. ellegans exhibit lower toxicity comparing S. officinalis. Finally, results of Stability Test showed that all samples keep their original properties.
- Development of an anti-aging gel with natural products: hydro-alcoholic extracts and essential oils of two species of Salvia sspPublication . Goes, Hugo; Meireles, Estela; Pereira, Olívia R.; Fernandes, Conceição; Sousa, Maria João; Pedro, Luís G.Salvia officinalis L. and Salvia elegans are perennial plants belonging to Lamiaceae family. New reviews are highlighted pharmacological results attributed to S. officinalis, including anticancer,anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antimutagenic, antidementia, hypoglycemic,and hypolipidemic effects. The phytochemicals reported from S. officinalis have been isolated from its essential oil, and infusion preparation. More than 120 components have been characterized in the essential oil of S. officinalis (Ghorbani Esmaeilizadeh, 2017). The objective of this study was to create two anti-ageing gels (Carbopol and Methylcellulose) using essential oil of S. officinalis and hydroalcoholic extracts of S. officinalis and S. elegans. The essential oil was use as preservative and the hydroalcoholic extracts was the bioactive compounds, since it is rich in phenolic compounds with antioxidant capacity. These formulas were put through several tests: stability, physic/chemical, and acute toxicity evaluations. The toxicity test was established using Daphnia magna with objective of LC50 determination after 12 hours. Young daphnids are exposed to a range of concentrations of oil extracts, as well as hydroalcoholic extracts. For S. officinalis five oil concentrations were tested (0.15% to 2.50%) and for S. officinalis and S. ellegans three hydroalcoholic extracts concentrations were tested (1.25%, 2.5%, 5%). Considering S. officinalis, results suggest a decrease toxicity with time exposition, probably due to light or/and oxygen. Considering hydroalcoholic extracts, values of LC50 obtained suggest that, although same pattern, S. ellegans exhibit lower toxicity comparing S. officinalis. Finally, results of Stability Test showed that all samples keep their original properties.
- Estudo cromatográfico de compostos bioactivos em cultivares e espontâneos de lúpuloPublication . Goes, Hugo; Morais, Jorge Sá; Pedro, Luís G.; Sousa, Maria JoãoEstudo cromatográfico de compostos bioactivos em cultivares e espontâneos de lúpulo Humulus lupulus L. é uma espécie da família Cannabaceae. O Lúpulo é uma planta herbácea, perene, dióica e geralmente diploide (2n = 20). É na produção de cerveja que o lúpulo tem seu maior valor económico a nível internacional, ganhando uma nova projeção recentemente, devido ao aumento da indústria cervejeira artesanal. Devido à produção de compostos com ação bactericida, particularmente contra bactérias Gram-negativas, o lúpulo A demanda por novos aromas aumentou, impulsionada pela expansão da produção de cerveja artesanal em Portugal. Há lúpulos espontâneos em todo o país e a coleta e análise dos aromas desses lúpulos pode levar ao desenvolvimento de variedades novas e mais aromáticas. Sendo a zona de Bragança rica em lúpulos espontâneos, os extractos voláteis e α e β ácidos de lúpulo espontâneo na região de Bragança (Trás-os-Montes) foram analisados e comparados com variedades comerciais (Nugget, Cascate e Chinouke). As amostras foram colhidas em diferentes áreas do distrito de Bragança. Os voláteis foram extraídos dos cones femininos, usando um sistema Likens-Nickerson, e analisados por GC e GC-MS. Os ácidos α e β, de variedades e espontâneos, foram extraídos e analisados por HPLC. Nugget (amargo) e clone espontâneo mostraram semelhanças na componente monoterpenica, com β-mirceno como principal composto (75 e 64%, respectivamente nas cultivares Nugget e espontânea) e diferenças significativas na componente sesquiterpenica, (12% cultivar, 0,2% espontânea) e trans-β-farneseno (não detectado na cultivar Nugget e 9% na espontânea). Destaca-se a maior riqueza da fração sesquiterpênica do clone espontâneo, em especial nos compostos oxigenados. Em relação às análises por HPLC, duas amostras da mesma variedade de cultivares (Nugget), de sítios distintos, foram comparadas com uma amostra de uma amostra espontânea. As cultivares apresentaram valores totais de 12,12% e 14,33% de α-ácidos e 3,31% e 3,99% de β, respectivamente, enquanto a variedade espontânea apresentou 5,35% de α-ácidos e 4,3% de β-ácidos. Os maiores valores, nas cultivares, do componente α e β-ácidos são esperados, uma vez que a cultivar Nugget é caracterizada por um sabor amargo, devido aos ácidos, enquanto que as cultivares aromáticas, mais procuradas pelos fabricantes de cerveja, são valorizadas, pela sua riqueza em aromas (óleos essenciais), por outro lado a riqueza em trans-β-farneseno é determinante, uma vez que é um antioxidante muito importante que pode ter uma boa contribuição para a estabilidade da cerveja.
- Hop bioactive compounds: spontaneous vs commercial varietiesPublication . Goes, Hugo; Pedro, Luís G.; Pereira, Olívia R.; Morais, Jorge Sá; Sousa, Maria JoãoHumulus lupulus L. is a species belonging to the Cannabaceae family. Hop, as it is commonly known, is a perennial, dioecious and normally diploid (2n = 20) herbaceous plant. It is in beer production that hops have their greatest economic value at the international level. In addition, Hops contain compounds that confer sedative, diuretic anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic properties. In fact, the ethnobotanical uses of the dried flowers in pillows called "hop pads" have been used to combat insomnia while the dried and green hop inflorescences , were used in the Montesinho park area to treat urinary and digestive disorders. Since the middle Ages, it was used in infusions as a tonic; it was considered a medicinal herb. Since there is spontaneous hops in a large part of Portugal, the collection and analysis of the aromas the α and β-acids component, and phenols of these hops may lead to the development of new and more fragrances, with interest in different areas, like beer production or cosmetics. The volatile components extracted from spontaneous hops collected in the Bragança area were analyzed and compared with those of commercial varieties. The results obtained show a certain similarity in the monoterpene component, with β-myrcene as the major compound (more than 64% in cultivar and spontaneous samples) and notorious differences in the sesquiterpene component, evident in cases of α-humulene (12% in cultivars, 0.2% and in spontaneous) and trans-β-farnesene (not detected in cultivars, 9% in spontaneous). Also important is the richness of the sesquiterpene component in spontaneous clone, in particular in the oxygenated compounds. This profile, of both cultivar and spontaneous, shows potential for antimicrobial effects in the digestive tract, especially when these are associated with bacteria Helicobacter pylori, which will be in agreement with ethnobotanical uses of Hop. The higher values, in the cultivars, of the α and β-acids component is expected since the Nugget cultivar is characterized by a bitter taste, due to acids, whereas the aroma cultivars, which are more required by the artisan brewers, are valued for their richness in aromas (essential oils), the richness of the spontaneous in trans-β-farnesene being determinant to the stability of the beer, or used in cosmetic products.
- Humulus lupulus L. analysis and comparison of volatile of spontaneous and commercial varieties: phytotherapeutic potentialitiesPublication . Goes, Hugo; Sousa, Maria João; Pedro, Luís G.Humulus lupulus L. is a species in the Cannabaceae family. Hop, as it is commonly known, is a perennial, dioecious and normally diploid (2n = 20) herbaceous plant [1]. It is in beer production that hops have their greatest economic value at the international level. Due to the production of compounds with bactericidal action, in particular against Gramnegative bacteria, the hops came to solve problems related to the conservation of beer [2]. In addition Hops contain compounds that confer sedative, diuretic and antiarthritic properties [3]. In the ethnobotanical use, the dried flowers were used in pillows called "hop pads", to combat insomnia [4]. The use of dried and green hop inflorescences for diuretic uses and disorders of the digestive tract, were verified in the Montesinho park area [5]. In China, alcoholic extracts of hops were used to treat leprosy, tuberculosis and dysentery [2]. Its use in infusions as a tonic, since the middle Ages where it considered a medicinal herb [6]. The results obtained show a certain similarity in the monoterpene component, with β-myrcene as the major compound (more than 64% in cultivar and spontaneous samples) and notorious differences in the sesquiterpene component, evident in cases of α-humulene (12% in cultivars, 0.2% and in spontaneous) and trans-β-farnesene (not detected in cultivars, 9% in spontaneous). Also important is the richness of the sesquiterpene component in spontaneous clone, in particular in the oxygenated compounds. This profile, of both cultivar and spontaneous, shows potential for antiseptic effects in the digestive tract, especially when these are associated with bacteria such as Helicobacter pylori [7], which will be in agreement with ethnobotanical uses of Hop. Since there is spontaneous hops in a large part of Portugal, the collection and analysis of the aromas of these hops may lead to the development of new and more fragrances, with interest in different areas, like beer production or cosmetics. The volatile components extracted from spontaneous hops collected in the Bragança area were analyzed and compared with those of commercial varieties.
- Humulus lupulus L. analysis and comparison of volatile of spontaneous and commercial varieties: phytotherapeutic potentialitiesPublication . Goes, Hugo; Sousa, Maria João; Pedro, Luís G.Humulus lupulus L. is a species in the Cannabaceae family. Hop, as it is commonly known, is a perennial, dioecious and normally diploid (2n = 20) herbaceous plant [1]. It is in beer production that hops have their greatest economic value at the international level. Due to the production of compounds with bactericidal action, in particular against Gramnegative bacteria, the hops came to solve problems related to the conservation of beer [2]. In addition Hops contain compounds that confer sedative, diuretic and antiarthritic properties [3]. In the ethnobotanical use, the dried flowers were used in pillows called "hop pads", to combat insomnia [4]. The use of dried and green hop inflorescences for diuretic uses and disorders of the digestive tract, were verified in the Montesinho park area [5]. In China, alcoholic extracts of hops were used to treat leprosy, tuberculosis and dysentery [2]. Its use in infusions as a tonic, since the middle Ages where it considered a medicinal herb [6]. The results obtained show a certain similarity in the monoterpene component, with β-myrcene as the major compound (more than 64% in cultivar and spontaneous samples) and notorious differences in the sesquiterpene component, evident in cases of α-humulene (12% in cultivars, 0.2% and in spontaneous) and trans-β-farnesene (not detected in cultivars, 9% in spontaneous). Also important is the richness of the sesquiterpene component in spontaneous clone, in particular in the oxygenated compounds. This profile, of both cultivar and spontaneous, shows potential for antiseptic effects in the digestive tract, especially when these are associated with bacteria such as Helicobacter pylori [7], which will be in agreement with ethnobotanical uses of Hop. Since there is spontaneous hops in a large part of Portugal, the collection and analysis of the aromas of these hops may lead to the development of new and more fragrances, with interest in different areas, like beer production or cosmetics. The volatile components extracted from spontaneous hops collected in the Bragança area were analyzed and compared with those of commercial varieties.