Percorrer por autor "Giannoulis, Kyriakos D."
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- Chemical composition and biological activity of cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis) seeds harvested at different maturity stagesPublication . Mandim, Filipa; Petropoulos, Spyridon Α.; Pinela, José; Dias, Maria Inês; Giannoulis, Kyriakos D.; Kostić, Marina; Soković, Marina; Queijo, Beatriz; Santos-Buelga, Celestino; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.; Barros, LillianCardoon seeds collected in Greece at four different maturity stages (samples S1 to S4) were analysed in terms of chemical composition and in vitro bioactivities. The content of phenolic compounds (six compounds in total) increased with increasing maturity, and 3,5-O-dicaffeyolquinic (14.8–33.8 mg/g extract) acid was the compound detected in higher abundance. Mature seeds (sample S4) also revealed the highest content in lipids (23 g/100 g extract) and tocopherols (29.62 mg/100 g dw) and demonstrated the highest cytotoxic (GI50 of 97–216 µg/mL) and anti-inflammatory (IC50 = 148 µg/mL) activities, and capacity to inhibit the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (IC50 = 5 µg/mL). Cardoon seed hydroethanolic extracts also revealed high antibacterial and antifungal potential, particularly samples S3 and S1, respectively. This study proved the multifaceted potential associated with valorisation of cardoon seeds, while their biological and chemical composition can be influenced by the maturity stage.
- Seasonal variation of bioactive properties and phenolic composition of Cynara cardunculus var. altilisPublication . Mandim, Filipa; Petropoulos, Spyridon Α.; Giannoulis, Kyriakos D.; Dias, Maria Inês; Fernandes, Ângela; Pinela, José; Kostić, Marina; Soković, Marina; Barros, Lillian; Santos-Buelga, Celestino; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.Cynara cardunculus L. (cardoon) has several health benefits mainly attributed to its abundance in polyphenols. In this study, cardoon heads (capitula) were harvested in Greece during the flowering stage, and the hydroethanolic extracts were assessed in terms of phenolic compounds composition and antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. The phenolic profile was evaluated by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS to better understand the seasonal changes in the individual compound levels and how these changes correlate with bioactive properties. The main phenolic compounds identified were caffeoylquinic and dicaffeoylquinic acid derivatives. Immature heads (Car A: principal growth stage (PGS) 5) had the highest phenolic content (34.3 mg/ g) and cytotoxic (GI50 of 69–268 μg/mL) and anti-inflammatory (IC50 of 183 μg/mL) activities. Sample Car D (PGS 6/7) revealed the highest antioxidant (IC50 of 23–227 μg/mL) and antifungal (MIC of 0.26–0.51 mg/mL) potential. Regarding the antibacterial activity, Car E (PGS 7) revealed the best results (MIC of 0.59–1.18 mg/ mL). This study suggests that the maturity stage of the plant influences the phenolic composition and bioactivity.