Browsing by Author "Caria, Telmo"
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- A ação socioeducativa no âmbito dos cuidados gerontológicos profissionaisPublication . Pereira, Fernando A.; Caria, TelmoEsta comunicação enquadrar-se-ia em várias linhas temáticas deste encontro. Isto deve-se ao caráter altamente interdisciplinar das questões relacionados com os idosos e com o envelhecimento. Todavia, pensamos que se enquadra melhor no subtema: “La acción socioeducativa en el ámbito de la salud”. Temos como objetivo discutir o processo de prestação de cuidados gerontológicos profissionais e a forma como estes cuidados se constituem como intervenções socioeducativas. Verificamos que o processo de prestação de cuidados gerontológicos profissionais a idosos configura uma verdadeira ação socioeducativa. O cuidado é co construído na interação cuidador/pessoa cuidada, exige a invocação e mobilização de diferentes áreas do conhecimento científico e do conhecimento empírico. Paralelamente, essa interação é referenciada por princípios fundamentais da gerontologia, traduz-se na execução de competências práticas profissionais específicas as quais estão imbuídas de atitudes e aptidões que configuram situações de saber-ser, saber-estar e de saber-fazer, que são referenciais construtores de uma identidade e de uma cultura profissional. A importância do tema é resultado do processo de envelhecimento populacional verificado nas sociedades ocidentais e muito particularmente na sociedade europeia. Na atualidade a proporção de idosos atinge valores próximos dos 20% em muitos países da EU, incluindo Portugal, sendo igualmente previsível que esses valores se aproximem dos 30% no ano 2050 (Giannakouris, 2008). Esta problemática tem, entre outros, contornos políticos, económicos, culturais, psicossociais, médicos e humanos. Sendo igualmente certo que das culturas que valorizam e respeitam os idosos pela sua sabedoria, às culturas e ritmos de vida ocidentais que reservam aos idosos o estatuto de improdutivos e de inúteis, todas elas enfrentam a necessidade de cuidar dos seus idosos.
- Aplicação do modelo de análise do trabalho profissional burocrático ao trabalho social no terceiro sectorPublication . Caria, Telmo; Pereira, Fernando A.Neste capítulo continuaremos a aprofundar e explicitar os contornos da relação entre os tipos de TPB com as organizações do terceiro sector social e, de forma articulada, apresentamos e discutimos os pressupostos metodológicos seguidos no estudo empírico realizado, aplicado ao caso das ONL envolvidas no trabalho social. Na parte final do capítulo começaremos a apresentar uma parte dos resultados que obtivemos sobre o trabalho profissional neste sector, salientando as configurações do TPB, quanto às suas dimensões de organização e de orientação das finalidades da atividade, e quanto aos conteúdos do trabalho social.
- Autonomies et pouvoir des assistants de service social dans des organizations du tiers secteur dans le nord du PortugalPublication . Granja, Berta; Pereira, Fernando A.; Caria, TelmoCet article présente une ligne de recherche qui développe des études empiriques sur le travail et les connaissances professionnelles dans lesquelles ils mettent l'accent sur la compréhension et les méthodes ethnographiques ont porté sur l'analyse des pratiques, des identités et réflexivité dans des contextes de travail. La tradition de recherche en sociologie des groupes professionnels ont mis l'hypothèse de professionnalisme et de pouvoir professionnel dans les cultures de travail quotidien, ils peuvent contenir une logique sociale qui distingue la logique bureaucratique ou l'organisation mercantile et la fourniture de services professionnels. L'analyse des effets des nouvelles politiques et les formes post-fordistes d'organisation du travail ont tenté de faire face à cette hypothèse au point de souligner l'existence d'une interpénétration progressive entre l'idéologie de professionnalisme et de cultures organisationnelles. Les résultats de nos études sur le travail et les connaissances professionnelles nous permettent de placer la théorie sociologique suivant: la relation entre l'épistémologie positiviste, qui organise le discours sur les compétences pratiques et les pouvoirs techniques et pratiques de l'organisation de l'épistémologie de la puissance culturelle et les compétences discursives en plus, génère un savoir professionnel qui encourage le développement d'une connaissance et propre réflexivité qui assurent l'autonomie (ou le conflit infantile) de la face de travail professionnel à des structures ou institutions d'autres groupes professionnels. D'autre part, la perspective que nous avons suivi sur l'analyse de professionnalisme souligne la relation particulière qui existe entre l'utilisation de la connaissance abstraite et l'enseignement supérieur formel, sans oublier que la profession des travailleurs sociaux sur la base de l'intervention directe et situé dans l'espace et bien défini et les relations interpersonnelles continues et durables qui soutiennent la fondation de confiance avec la population vieillit. Dans ce cadre théorique et empirique, il se développe dans le nord du Portugal (entre février 2010 et Juillet 2012) un projet de recherche (projet SARTPRO) qui vise à examiner cette hypothèse dans un circonscrite à des organisations de la perspective socio-organisationnelle et ethnographique troisième secteur, aux diplômés en sciences humaines et sociales (CHS) et les processus de construction intersubjective de l'autonomie du travail professionnel. Selon les données préliminaires de ce projet, nous avons l'intention de présenter dans cette communication une analyse de l'autonomie technique, culturelle et symbolique de travailleurs sociaux dans les différents types d'organisations du tiers secteur, par rapport à d'autres professions / métiers basés sur CHS (sociologues, psychologues , socio-éducatif, économistes, etc). Nous sommes intéressés par l'observation et l'identification: (1) les activités et les tâches qui sont reconnus par les professionnels comme les frontières et que les configurations de leur travail; (2) les activités que l'organisation dans la conception et la mise en œuvre d'un travail professionnel d'améliorer ou de limiter leur autonomie culturelle et politique dans les organisations techniques de tous les jours; (3) les questions de plus stimuler les interactions de réflexivité qui se produisent dans le contexte de travail professionnel afin de rendre possible une explication de la base de connaissances pratiques et l'expérience de la profession et de comprendre les compétences pratiques dans les procédures quotidien, la catégorisation et la classification des problèmes ainsi que normalisation des mesures.
- Constrangimentos e subjetividades do trabalho social na configuração do trabalho profissional burocráticoPublication . Caria, Telmo; Pereira, Fernando A.As teorias sociais sobre o profissionalismo e a profissionalização, desenvolvidas pela tradição de investigação anglo-americana, tenderam a considerar o trabalho profissional em serviço social como uma “semiprofissão” (Macdonald, 1995; Henriquez, 1999). Esta interrogação sobre o valor relativo da profissionalização em trabalho e serviço social tanto pode ser encontrada nas teorias sociais funcionalistas que idealizam atributos abstratos para distinguir as profissões institucionalizadas em ordens profissionais dos restantes grupos profissionais, como pode ser encontrada nas teorias sociais weberianas que identificam as propriedades sociais e históricas que permitem o desenvolvimento de um maior poder simbólico nos grupos profissionais de trabalho social (Weiss-Gal & Welbourne, 2007).
- From the professional knowledge of the gerontologist to the process of caringPublication . Pereira, Fernando A.; Caria, TelmoFrom the professional knowledge of the gerontologist to the process of caring This communication aims at contributing to the discussion on the professional knowledge of gerontologists. The gerontologists that we refer to are individuals with a degree in gerontology. The results of a study conducted under an FCT research project reflect the study of the professional knowledge of professional graduates in social sciences and humanities who work in organizations of the social sector. The empirical data stem from: (1) ethnographic observation (12 non-consecutive days of work that took place within a month, or approximately 96 hours of observation) with a gerontologist, having as main objective to study the interactions of the professional gerontologist in the context of working in an institution for the elderly, (2) four in-depth interviews with two gerontologists focused on individual perception on the issues of aging, the workplace and career paths, (3) five in-depth interviews with directors of employers of gerontologists, on these skills. The study revealed the existence of 18 different kinds of professional knowledge, which result in a direct interaction of the gerontologist (caregiver) with the subject (person cared) that constitutes a process of caring. We found that the knowledge of the gerontologists is co-constructed in the interaction caregiver / person cared for, they are in relation to the complex scientific and unscientific knowledge that they mobilize, are expressed by technical and strategic skills, relational skills, prudential skills and discursive skills, are promoters of confidence, self-efficacy and empowerment of either the caregiver or the person cared for, they are benchmarks of professional identity and culture, they are liberators, driving innovation and promoting excellence in service. These kinds of knowledge are expressed in an integrated manner (complex, cyclical, shared, reflected and therefore always revisable) in performing the tasks of caring. This integration of values, skills and knowledge differentiates the work of the gerontologist and it is the essential process of caring. This, as a central element of professional identity of the gerontologist, once shared, is a defining element of the professional culture of that gerontologist. This is essential to the process of professionalization, since at present (under the conditions of post-modernity), professionalism is increasingly defined by the quality of service and recognition of it by "customers", the reflective capacity of professionals, by their versatility and ability to work in interdisciplinary contexts.
- Knowledge use by extension advisers in the context of farmer organisations in Trás-os-Montes and Alto-Douro, Portugal. A new conceptual analysis frameworkPublication . Pereira, Fernando A.; Caria, Telmo; Cristóvão, ArturThe main objective of this paper is to contribute to the discussion, in theoretical terms, on the use of the knowledge, during both the social and the technical encounters between extension advisers and farmers. This reflection result from a research project (interviews and ethnographical observation) about extension advisers of farmer’s organizations (FO). In nowadays, in Trás-os-Montes and Alto-Douro (TMAD), we can find around 150 FO and 300 FO extension advisers. In Portugal, actually, such organizations assume the main part of the technical support to farmers, and private organizations and State services play a minor role. These extension advisers perform a variety of tasks of different categories or types, including: supervision of activities; technical advice (office and field work levels); project planning and monitoring; training; reception and analysis of farm subsidies' applications; administrative work; replacing the Directors in some duties; management of on-going projects; strategy definition; social activities with member farmers. In most cases, the work comprises a mix of tasks involving all of the above categories. The eight (or more) hours of daily work are mostly taken by technical tasks (69% of the time), followed by administrative (15%) and management ones (12%). The social animation activities (1% of the time) are underestimated, as the interviewed people consider that they tend to be combined with other tasks and, in this sense, difficult to measure. Some elements also classify them as "technical", once they require the use of specific abstract knowledge. In our perspective, the daily interaction between extension advisers and farmers leads to the production and sharing of knowledge. This knowledge emerges from the re-definition of the scientific knowledge acquired during the agricultural education and training, as well as trough practice (in the technical-strategic sense). It is shaped by the contribution of the contextual sense, both relational and prudential, and from the interpretative sense. In this paper we will explain more accurately the process of mobilization and transformation of knowledge by extension advisers, in order to make it more useful to farmers.
- Professional work of the gerontologists: a methodological approachPublication . Pereira, Fernando A.; Caria, TelmoThis paper aims to contribute to the discussion of the professional work of the gerontologists. Gerontologists are professionals with a university degree in gerontology, specialized in the care of the elderly. This study is part of a study funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Portugal, dedicated to the graduates professional work of social sciences and humanities who work in the social third sector organizations. This research has a mixed character between conventional research and participatory research. The gerontologists and employers of gerontologists actively participated in the definition and redefinition research techniques and the interpretation and analysis of results. Empirical data derived from: (1) ethnographic observation (12 non-consecutive days of work that took place in a month, or about 96 hours of observation) with a gerontologist, whose main objective is to study the interactions of the context of professional gerontologist working in an institution for the elderly, (2) to four interviews with two gerontologists on individual perception on aging issues, workplace and career (3) interviews with five managers employers gerontologists on these skills. The study revealed the existence of sixteen different practical tasks performed by gerontologists. We also identified eight professional attitudes that are important in carrying out the practical tasks. We found that those tasks are complex because they mobilize abstract knowledge and empirical knowledge and require a combination of principles, competencies and attitudes. The professional work of the gerontologist promotes the confidence, self-efficacy and autonomy of the caregiver and the carried person. It leads also to the emancipation because it promotes innovation and excellence in care for the elderly and their families. Keywords: professional work, professional knowledge, professionalism, gerontological care.
- Sabedoria prática em serviço social: estudo etnográfico de quotidianos profissionaisPublication . Caria, Telmo; Sacramento, Octávio; Pereira, Fernando A.Neste artigo investigamos os desafios enfrentados por profissionais de serviços sociais, numa sociedade em mudança, cada vez mais complexa e incerta. Analisando situações específicas ocorridas num estudo etnográfico de curta duração, procuramos descrever e interpretar os vários saberes expressos por profissionais na interação social quotidiana com os seus interlocutores e desta- camos a crescente relevância da sabedoria prática para enfren- tar situações imprevisíveis. Ao examinarmos a interseção entre o conhecimento abstrato e a sua aplicação concreta, identifica- mos estratégias para abordar os desafios inerentes às dinâmicas sociais mutáveis e sublinhamos a importância de compreender o conhecimento implícito nas interações profissionais diárias.
- Saber profissional em serviço social: uma perspetiva etnográfico-situacionalPublication . Caria, Telmo; Pereira, Fernando A.Este livro é dedicado ao estudo do saber profissional em Serviço Social e está empiricamente baseado numa abordagem etnográfica, multissituada, dos contextos de trabalho de três assistentes sociais. A análise etnográfica foca o olhar nas formas de proceder-fazer e proceder-falar durante o curso da ação profissional quotidiana dos assistentes sociais, isto é, foca-se na componente menos consciente e mais tácita do saber profissional, aquela que é mais usada na interacção social pelos profissionais. Assim, mais do que a interpretação dos dados etnográficos encontrados para o Serviço Social, a principal contribuição científica, profissional e social deste livro é a de desenvolver e validar uma teoria e uma metodologia micro social para o saber profissional que se concretiza num modelo de análise situacional para as narrativas etnográficas do trabalho profissional em Serviço Social. Quanto ao conteúdo, os capítulos 2, 3 e 7 são essenciais para a fundamentação e validação do modelo de análise situacional, que suporta o conceito de saber profissional. Os capítulos 4 e 6 têm uma orientação essencialmente metodológica, permitindo perceber a estratégia e as práticas de interacção e de escrita etnográficas desenvolvidas. O capítulo 5 tem um conteúdo fundamentalmente descritivo, tendo em vista permitir ao leitor perceber as trajetórias profissionais e as condições socio organizacionais que definem o contexto de trabalho das três assistentes sociais participantes no estudo etnográfico realizado. O livro termina com dois comentários de autores consagrados na matéria ao próprio livro.
- Saberes profissionais e trabalho profissional do gerontólogoPublication . Pereira, Fernando A.; Caria, TelmoThis paper aims to contribute to the discussion on professional knowledge and professional work of gerontologists. The empirical data are from FCT research project, named “Knowledge, Autonomy and Reflexivity in Professional Work in the Third Sector (SARTPRO)”, dedicated to the professional work and professional knowledge of the graduates in the humanities and social sciences who work in the third social sector. The methodology was based on: ethnographic observations of the professional work of a gerontologist, four in-depth interviews with two gerontologists focused on their individual perception on the problems of aging, the work context and career, and five in-depth interviews with the gerontologists’ employers - the directors of long-term institutions for the elderly. The study revealed the existence of 24 different professional tasks. These are complex concerning the knowledge they require; are expressed by technical, relational, prudential and discursive skills; are promoters of confidence, self-efficacy and empowerment, both of the caregiver and the person cared; are a referential for the identity and professional culture and are emancipatory, generating innovation and excellence.