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Abstract(s)
O aumento da pressão antrópica sobre a biodiversidade marinha revela a necessidade de
reforçar a sua proteção. Estudos mostram que muitas espécies de peixe da dieta dos
santomenses estão a diminuir. A pesca ilegal tem mostrado ameaças à biodiversidade
marinha, causando diminuição de pescado em São Tomé e Príncipe. O objetivo principal
deste estudo pretendeu conhecer a perceção das comunidades piscatórias acerca da
necessidade de conservação da biodiversidade marinha face à problemática da pesca ilegal,
sobretudo, uso de práticas insustentáveis, na ilha do Príncipe. Para alcançar o objetivo
proposto, realizou-se um estudo de natureza quantitativo exploratório. A amostra foi
constituída por 80 pescadores e palaiês de 16 comunidades piscatórias de toda a região. A
técnica de recolha de dados utilizada foi um inquérito por questionário. Os resultados
revelaram que a pesca na ilha do Príncipe se caracteriza, principalmente, por pesca de
subsistência e pesca artesanal marítima com cerca de 4 métodos e artes para capturar de
pescado, nomeadamente, (i) pesca por ferimento, (ii) pesca por rede de emalhar, (iii) pesca
por linha, e (iv) apanha individual. A pesca ilegal que se caracteriza pelo uso de práticas
insustentáveis é apontada pelos respondentes como a principal causa de diminuição de
pescado com uma percentagem máxima de 86,2%. Os resultados revelaram, ainda, que há
a necessidade de conservar a biodiversidade marinha na ilha do Príncipe, pois 81,3% dos
sujeitos inquiridos consideram que haverá uma relação direta com a diminuição de
pescado. A análise sobre a perceção dos respondentes relativas à diminuição de quantidade
de pescado capturado por espécie permite concluir que, conforme as perceções dos
pescadores, as 26 espécies de peixes marinhos analisadas têm vindo a diminuir, sendo que
se identificam 5 espécies de peixes têm vindo a diminuir com maior frequência,
designadamente, pargo (88,7%), cherne (83,8%), badejo (82,5%), osso mole (81,3%) e
peixe andala (81,3). Muito embora outras espécies apresentam frequência de diminuição
inferior a (79 %), essas taxas são altas e preocupantes. Relativamente à perceção dos
pescadores e palaiês sobre a importância da Educação Ambiental para a diminuição dos
impactes da pesca, os resultados revelaram que a Educação Ambiental tem o papel de
formar os pescadores e palaiês para o exercício de uma pesca sustentável e consciencializar
para mudança de comportamentos em defesa do ambiente.
Increased anthropognic pressure on marine ecosystems reveals the need to protect biodiversity. Studies show that many fish species used in the diet of São Tomé and Príncipe are decreasing. Illegal fishing has shown threats to marine biodiversity, causing fish declines in São Tomé and Príncipe. The main objective of this study was to understand the perception of fishing communities about the need for the conservation of marine biodiversity in the face of the problem of illegal fishing, particularly the use of unsustainable practices on the island of Príncipe. To achieve the proposed objective, a quantitative exploratory study was carried out. The sample was made up of 80 fishermen and local fish sellers from 16 fishing communities throughout the region. Data were collected using a questionnaire survey. The results revealed that fishing in Príncipe Island is mainly characterised by subsistence fishing and artisanal marine fishing with around 4 methods and crafts for catching fish, namely, (i) wound fishing, (ii) gillnetting, (iii) line fishing, and (iv) individual harvesting. Our findings also revealed that there is a need to conserve marine biodiversity on the island of Príncipe, as 81.3% of respondents consider that there is a decrease in fish. Illegal fishing which is characterized in the use of unsustainable practices is pointed out by respondents as the main cause of decreased fish with the maximum percentage of 86.2%. The analysis on the perception of respondents regarding the decrease in the amount of fish caught by species allows us to conclude that, according to the perceptions of fishermen, the 26 species of marine fish analysed have been decreasing, with 5 species of fish being identified as having been decreasing more frequently, namely, snapper (88.7%), sea bream (83.8%), whiting (82.5%), soft bone (81.3%) and andala fish (81.3).). Although other species show lower decrease frequency than (79%), these rates are high and worrying. Regarding the perception of fishermen and pallayers on the importance of Environmental Education for reducing the impacts of fishing, the results revealed that Environmental Education has the role of training fishermen and pallayers to practice sustainable fishing and to raise awareness for behavioural change in defence of the environment.
Increased anthropognic pressure on marine ecosystems reveals the need to protect biodiversity. Studies show that many fish species used in the diet of São Tomé and Príncipe are decreasing. Illegal fishing has shown threats to marine biodiversity, causing fish declines in São Tomé and Príncipe. The main objective of this study was to understand the perception of fishing communities about the need for the conservation of marine biodiversity in the face of the problem of illegal fishing, particularly the use of unsustainable practices on the island of Príncipe. To achieve the proposed objective, a quantitative exploratory study was carried out. The sample was made up of 80 fishermen and local fish sellers from 16 fishing communities throughout the region. Data were collected using a questionnaire survey. The results revealed that fishing in Príncipe Island is mainly characterised by subsistence fishing and artisanal marine fishing with around 4 methods and crafts for catching fish, namely, (i) wound fishing, (ii) gillnetting, (iii) line fishing, and (iv) individual harvesting. Our findings also revealed that there is a need to conserve marine biodiversity on the island of Príncipe, as 81.3% of respondents consider that there is a decrease in fish. Illegal fishing which is characterized in the use of unsustainable practices is pointed out by respondents as the main cause of decreased fish with the maximum percentage of 86.2%. The analysis on the perception of respondents regarding the decrease in the amount of fish caught by species allows us to conclude that, according to the perceptions of fishermen, the 26 species of marine fish analysed have been decreasing, with 5 species of fish being identified as having been decreasing more frequently, namely, snapper (88.7%), sea bream (83.8%), whiting (82.5%), soft bone (81.3%) and andala fish (81.3).). Although other species show lower decrease frequency than (79%), these rates are high and worrying. Regarding the perception of fishermen and pallayers on the importance of Environmental Education for reducing the impacts of fishing, the results revealed that Environmental Education has the role of training fishermen and pallayers to practice sustainable fishing and to raise awareness for behavioural change in defence of the environment.
Description
Keywords
Pesca Ilegal Biodiversidade marinha Educação ambiental Ilha do Príncipe