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O desenvolvimento da oliveira (Olea europaea L.) é influenciado por diversos fatores, como clima, disponibilidade de água, solo, nutrientes, entre outros. Relativamente a isso se faz importante o estudo de novas práticas e tecnologias, uma vez que a cultura da oliveira exerce grande influência na economia de Portugal. Com a necessidade atual de uma agricultura mais sustentável, de forma a encontrar alternativas aos fertilizantes sintéticos e reduzir o impacto ambiental causado pelo mau uso dos mesmos, a utilização de biofertilizantes tem se mostrado uma boa alternativa aos fertilizantes minerais, contribuindo para a ciclagem de nutrientes no solo e para a manutenção da sua fertilidade a longo prazo. Diante dos fatos expostos, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a influência da aplicação de um produto comercial contendo micorrizas sobre a biodisponibilidade de nutrientes para plantas jovens de oliveira, como também sobre seu desenvolvimento ao longo de dois anos após o plantio. O experimento decorreu em vasos, em casa de vegetação e sob rega controlada, nas estufas do Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, região nordeste de Portugal. Foram realizados sete tratamentos (micorriza; 3% NPK; 3% NPK + 3% N; 3% NPK + 3% P; 3% NPK + 3% K; 3% NPK + micronutrientes; Testemunha), com três repetições, sob delineamento experimental casualizado. As plantas foram coletadas, separadas em folhas, caules e raízes e levadas a estufa, até atingirem peso constante, pesadas, moídas, para determinação da biomassa produzida e avaliação da composição elementar dos tecidos. Amostraram-se os solos dos diferentes tratamentos para determinação de diversos parâmetros de fertilidade. Observaram-se diferenças significativas para uma das duas análises de fluorescência da clorofila. Na produção de biomassa foram encontradas diferenças mais expressivas nas concentrações de macro micronutrientes dos caules e folhas, como também para as análises acerca de nutrientes nos tecidos. Nos solos observou-se tendência para aumento da biodisponibilidade de fósforo conferida pela micorriza comercial. De modo geral, a micorriza comercial mostrou boa atividade de nutrição quando comparada com a testemunha, em muitos casos se igualou aos tratamentos fertilizantes e em algumas situações específicas se mostrou superior aos demais tratamentos.
Several factors are able to influence the growth and development of the olive tree (Olea europaea L.), such as climate, water availability, soil and fertilization. In this regard, the study of new practices and technologies is important, knowing that this crop has a great influence on the Portuguese economy. Also, with the current need for a sustainable agriculture, in order to find alternatives to synthetic fertilizers and to reduce the environmental impact caused by its misuse, the use of biofertilizers has shown to be a good agricultural alternative, contributing to the cycling of nutrients in the soil and the maintenance of its long-term fertility. Based on the exposed, this work aimed to evaluate the influence of the application of a commercial product containing mycorrhizal fungi on the bioavailability of nutrients for young olive plants, as well as on their development over two years. The experiment was conducted in pots, in a greenhouse, and under controlled irrigation conditions, in the Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, northeast region of Portugal. Seven treatments were performed (mycorrhizal fungi; 3% NPK; 3% NPK + 3% N; 3% NPK + 3% P; 3% NPK + 3% K; 3% NPK + micronutrients; control), with three replications, under a randomized experimental design. The plants were collected and separated into leaves, stems, and roots and then were processed to evaluate the biomass produced and the elemental composition of the tissues. The soils of different treatments were sampled to determine sever soil fertility parameters. Significant differences were observed for one of the two chlorophyll fluorescence analyzes. For the biomass production, it was found more significant differences in the stems and leaves, as well for the nutritional analyzes in the tissues. In the soils, trend of increase was observed regarding the bioavailability of phosphorus conferred by the commercial mycorrhiza. In general, the commercial mycorrhiza showed good nutritional activity in comparison to the control. In many cases, it was equal to the fertilizer treatments and in some specific situations, it was superior to the other treatments.
Several factors are able to influence the growth and development of the olive tree (Olea europaea L.), such as climate, water availability, soil and fertilization. In this regard, the study of new practices and technologies is important, knowing that this crop has a great influence on the Portuguese economy. Also, with the current need for a sustainable agriculture, in order to find alternatives to synthetic fertilizers and to reduce the environmental impact caused by its misuse, the use of biofertilizers has shown to be a good agricultural alternative, contributing to the cycling of nutrients in the soil and the maintenance of its long-term fertility. Based on the exposed, this work aimed to evaluate the influence of the application of a commercial product containing mycorrhizal fungi on the bioavailability of nutrients for young olive plants, as well as on their development over two years. The experiment was conducted in pots, in a greenhouse, and under controlled irrigation conditions, in the Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, northeast region of Portugal. Seven treatments were performed (mycorrhizal fungi; 3% NPK; 3% NPK + 3% N; 3% NPK + 3% P; 3% NPK + 3% K; 3% NPK + micronutrients; control), with three replications, under a randomized experimental design. The plants were collected and separated into leaves, stems, and roots and then were processed to evaluate the biomass produced and the elemental composition of the tissues. The soils of different treatments were sampled to determine sever soil fertility parameters. Significant differences were observed for one of the two chlorophyll fluorescence analyzes. For the biomass production, it was found more significant differences in the stems and leaves, as well for the nutritional analyzes in the tissues. In the soils, trend of increase was observed regarding the bioavailability of phosphorus conferred by the commercial mycorrhiza. In general, the commercial mycorrhiza showed good nutritional activity in comparison to the control. In many cases, it was equal to the fertilizer treatments and in some specific situations, it was superior to the other treatments.
Descrição
Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a UTFPR - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
Palavras-chave
Olea europaea L. Agricultura sustentável Fertilidade do solo Biofertilizantes Fungos micorrízicos