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Abstract(s)
A fileira apícola em Portugal tem como principal aptidão a produção o mel. É uma atividade compatível com outros usos do solo, contribuindo simultaneamente para a valorização do nível de vida das populações das zonas mais desfavorecidas e consequentemente para a manutenção do espaço rural. Adicionalmente, é uma mais-valia para a sustentabilidade dos seus ecossistemas. A abelha melífera (Apis mellifera L.) tem como área de expansão natural tanto zonas temperadas como as tropicais da Europa, da África e do Médio Oriente. Nesta ampla área geográfica, a adaptação à diversidade das condições ecológicas e climáticas conduziu à evolução de mais de 24 subespécies, que através das suas caraterísticas morfológicas e ecológicas, foram agrupadas em 4 linhagens evolutivas. Estas linhagens estão representadas pelos grupos, Africano, do médio oriente, do centro mediterrânico e Sudeste da Europa, o do Oeste do mediterrâneo e Nordeste da Europa, nos quais se encontram, entre outras, as subespécies A. m. Iberiensis e A m. Mellifera, utilizadas na apicultura atual. Sendo uma atividade que nos últimos anos tem vindo a aumentar um pouco por todo o país, é importante conhecer e estar alerta para todos os problemas que possam surgir, de forma a proteger as abelhas melíferas, entre outros, dos agentes patogénicos e predadores. Atualmente, Os apicultores devem ter formação específica na área apícola, para mais facilmente identificarem os problemas sanitários dos seus apiários, e atuar em conformidade, quer profilaticamente, quer através de tratamentos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar e identificar os principais inimigos de abelhas Apis mellifera iberiensis existentes na sub-região da Douro Superior. Este trabalho consta de duas componentes, a teórica que explana o tema central deste trabalho e a prática que envolveu a realização de inquéritos para identificação e conhecimento dos principais predadores da área em estudo e posteriormente a componente experimental que consistiu na construção de armadilhas e sua colocação em apiários para monitorização de pequenos predadores de abelhas melíferas, nomeadamente a vespa asiática (Vespa velutina nigrothorax).
The beekeeping industry in Portugal has as main aptitude the production of honey. It is an adequate activity with other uses of the soil, contributing simultaneously to the valorization of the standard of living of the most disadvantaged populations and consequently to the maintenance of the rural space. In addition, it is an asset for the sustainability of their ecosystems. The honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) has as natural expansion area both temperate and tropical areas of Europe, Africa and the Middle East. In this large geographic area, adaptation to the diversity of ecological and climatic conditions led to the evolution of more than 24 subspecies, which through their morphological and ecological characteristics were grouped into 4 evolutionary strains. These strains are represented by the groups: African, Middle Eastern, Mediterranean and Southeast European, Western Mediterranean and Northeastern Europe, which include, among others, the subspecies A. m. Iberiensis and A m. Mellifera, used in current beekeeping. As an activity that has been increasing a bit in recent years throughout the country, it is important to be aware of and be alert to any problems that may arise, in order to protect honeybees, among others, pathogens and predators. Currently, beekeepers should have specific training in the beekeeping area, to more easily identify the health problems of their apiaries, and to act accordingly, either prophylactically or through treatments. The present work aimed to investigate and identify the main enemies of Apis mellifera iberiensis bees in the Upper Douro sub-region. This work consists of two components, the theoretical one that explains the central theme of this work and the practice that involved the accomplishment of surveys for identification and knowledge of the main predators of the area under study and later the experimental component that consisted in the construction of traps and their placement in apiaries for monitoring small predators of honey bees, namely the Asian wasp (Vespa velutina nigrothorax).
The beekeeping industry in Portugal has as main aptitude the production of honey. It is an adequate activity with other uses of the soil, contributing simultaneously to the valorization of the standard of living of the most disadvantaged populations and consequently to the maintenance of the rural space. In addition, it is an asset for the sustainability of their ecosystems. The honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) has as natural expansion area both temperate and tropical areas of Europe, Africa and the Middle East. In this large geographic area, adaptation to the diversity of ecological and climatic conditions led to the evolution of more than 24 subspecies, which through their morphological and ecological characteristics were grouped into 4 evolutionary strains. These strains are represented by the groups: African, Middle Eastern, Mediterranean and Southeast European, Western Mediterranean and Northeastern Europe, which include, among others, the subspecies A. m. Iberiensis and A m. Mellifera, used in current beekeeping. As an activity that has been increasing a bit in recent years throughout the country, it is important to be aware of and be alert to any problems that may arise, in order to protect honeybees, among others, pathogens and predators. Currently, beekeepers should have specific training in the beekeeping area, to more easily identify the health problems of their apiaries, and to act accordingly, either prophylactically or through treatments. The present work aimed to investigate and identify the main enemies of Apis mellifera iberiensis bees in the Upper Douro sub-region. This work consists of two components, the theoretical one that explains the central theme of this work and the practice that involved the accomplishment of surveys for identification and knowledge of the main predators of the area under study and later the experimental component that consisted in the construction of traps and their placement in apiaries for monitoring small predators of honey bees, namely the Asian wasp (Vespa velutina nigrothorax).
Description
Keywords
Apicultura Inimigos naturais das abelhas Apis mellífera iberiensis Trás-os-Montes Vespa asiática