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Produção de biomassa e estado nutricional de trevo-encarnado (Trifolium incarnatum L.) e aveia (Avena sativa L.) após aplicação de nitrogênio mineral, biochar e composto orgânico
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Abstract(s)
O crescimento da população mundial tem elevado a demanda por alimentos, exigindo aumento da produtividade agrícola aliada à sustentabilidade ambiental. Para atender a essa necessidade, torna-se essencial adotar práticas que promovam o uso eficiente de nutrientes e preservem a fertilidade do solo. Entre essas práticas, destaca-se a utilização de condicionadores de solo, como o biochar e o composto orgânico, capazes de melhorar as propriedades químicas do solo, aumentar a disponibilidade de nutrientes e reduzir perdas por lixiviação e volatilização.
O uso de fertilizantes nitrogenados, embora fundamental para a produtividade, deve ser manejado com cautela devido aos potenciais impactos ambientais, como a contaminação de águas subterrâneas e a emissão de gases de efeito estufa. Associar práticas agroecológicas à adubação mineral, bem como integrar culturas com diferentes estratégias nutricionais, como leguminosas fixadoras de nitrogênio, pode contribuir para a eficiência do sistema produtivo.
Diante desse contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de biochar, composto orgânico e adubação nitrogenada mineral na produção de matéria seca e no estado nutricional de Trifolium incarnatum L. (trevo-encarnado) e Avena sativa L. (aveia). O experimento foi conduzido em vasos, ao ar livre, com cinco tratamentos distintos e três repetições. Foram avaliadas a produção de biomassa aérea, a composição mineral das plantas e os atributos químicos do solo ao início e ao fim do experimento.
Os resultados evidenciaram o desempenho superior do trevo-encarnado na produção de biomassa, com média aproximadamente 280% maior em relação à aveia entre os tratamentos avaliados, especialmente sob aplicação de composto orgânico. Esse resultado reflete sua capacidade de fixação biológica de nitrogênio e maior eficiência na ciclagem de nutrientes. A aveia, embora tenha apresentado menor acúmulo de matéria seca, concentrou maiores teores dos micronutrientes manganês, cobre e ferro nos tecidos.
O composto orgânico destacou-se como uma alternativa eficiente e sustentável à adubação mineral, promovendo o aumento dos níveis de nutrientes residuais no solo e contribuindo para a melhoria da sua fertilidade.
The world population growth has increased the demand for food, requiring higher agricultural productivity combined with environmental sustainability. To meet this need, it is essential to adopt practices that promote efficient nutrient use and preserve soil fertility. Among these practices, the use of soil conditioners, such as biochar and organic compost, stand out for their ability to improve soil chemical properties, increase nutrient availability, and reduce losses through leaching and volatilization. Although nitrogen fertilizers are essential for productivity, their use must be carefully managed due to potential environmental impacts, such as groundwater contamination and greenhouse gas emissions. Integrating agroecological practices with mineral fertilization, as well as incorporating crops with different nutritional strategies, such as nitrogen-fixing legumes, can contribute to the production system efficiency. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of biochar, organic compost, and mineral nitrogen fertilization on dry matter production and the nutritional status of Trifolium incarnatum L. (crimson clover) and Avena sativa L. (oat). The experiment was conducted in pots, outdoors, using five distinct treatments and three replications. Aboveground biomass production, plant mineral composition, and soil chemical attributes were assessed at the beginning and end of the experiment. The results demonstrated the superior performance of crimson clover in biomass production, with an average approximately 280% higher than that of oat across the evaluated treatments, especially under organic compost application. This outcome reflects its biological nitrogen fixation capacity and greater efficiency in nutrient cycling. Oat, although producing less dry matter, exhibited higher concentrations of the micronutrients manganese, copper, and iron in plant tissues. Organic compost emerged as an efficient and sustainable alternative to mineral fertilization, promoting increased residual nutrient levels in the soil and contributing to improved soil fertility.
The world population growth has increased the demand for food, requiring higher agricultural productivity combined with environmental sustainability. To meet this need, it is essential to adopt practices that promote efficient nutrient use and preserve soil fertility. Among these practices, the use of soil conditioners, such as biochar and organic compost, stand out for their ability to improve soil chemical properties, increase nutrient availability, and reduce losses through leaching and volatilization. Although nitrogen fertilizers are essential for productivity, their use must be carefully managed due to potential environmental impacts, such as groundwater contamination and greenhouse gas emissions. Integrating agroecological practices with mineral fertilization, as well as incorporating crops with different nutritional strategies, such as nitrogen-fixing legumes, can contribute to the production system efficiency. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of biochar, organic compost, and mineral nitrogen fertilization on dry matter production and the nutritional status of Trifolium incarnatum L. (crimson clover) and Avena sativa L. (oat). The experiment was conducted in pots, outdoors, using five distinct treatments and three replications. Aboveground biomass production, plant mineral composition, and soil chemical attributes were assessed at the beginning and end of the experiment. The results demonstrated the superior performance of crimson clover in biomass production, with an average approximately 280% higher than that of oat across the evaluated treatments, especially under organic compost application. This outcome reflects its biological nitrogen fixation capacity and greater efficiency in nutrient cycling. Oat, although producing less dry matter, exhibited higher concentrations of the micronutrients manganese, copper, and iron in plant tissues. Organic compost emerged as an efficient and sustainable alternative to mineral fertilization, promoting increased residual nutrient levels in the soil and contributing to improved soil fertility.
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Keywords
Avena sativa Trifolium incarnatum Biochar Composto orgânico Agricultura sustentável