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Influence of Sleep Quality on Recovery and Performance in Endurance and Ultra-Endurance Runners: Sex Differences Identified Through Hierarchical Clustering

2025Journal article Open access
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datacite.subject.fosCiências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde
datacite.subject.sdg03:Saúde de Qualidade
dc.contributor.authorMatos, Julia Pagotto
dc.contributor.authorGuilherme, Larissa Quintão
dc.contributor.authorEncarnação, Samuel
dc.contributor.authorLeite, Luciano Bernardes
dc.contributor.authorForte, Pedro
dc.contributor.authorKravchychyn, Ana Claudia Pelissari
dc.contributor.authorAmorim, Paulo Roberto dos Santos
dc.contributor.authorSouza, Helton de Sá
dc.date.accessioned2025-06-11T15:19:33Z
dc.date.available2025-06-11T15:19:33Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstractAssessing sleep quality is essential in sports science, particularly in ultra-endurance sports, where recovery is critical for performance and health. This study aimed to identify sleep quality patterns among endurance and ultra-endurance athletes using hierarchical clustering analysis, with comparisons by sex and modality. Data were collected during the La Misión Brasil competitions in 2023 and 2024, using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The questionnaire was emailed to all registered runners two weeks before the event. A total of 490 athletes participated, including 276 men (mean ± SD age: 43 ± 11 years) and 214 women (mean ± SD age: 43 ± 13 years). Statistical analyses included Cohen’s d and r effect sizes, and a 95% confidence interval for hypothesis testing. Residuals between-cluster proportions were assessed within a range of −3.3, ensuring a 99.7% confidence level for significant differences. The results showed that endurance runners had better sleep quality, with most scoring low on the PSQI. In contrast, ultra-endurance athletes displayed greater variability, with a higher prevalence of poor sleep quality, particularly in women. The hierarchical clustering method effectively identified distinct sleep patterns, providing insights into the dynamics of recovery and performance. These findings highlight the impact of increased physical and psychological demands in ultra-endurance sports and emphasize the need for tailored sleep monitoring strategies to optimize the recovery and performance of athletes.por
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais–Brasil (FAPEMIG; grant number APQ-02146–22 and grant number APQ–05092–23) and the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), which provided a scholarship to L.B.L. (Finance Code 001). Additionally, P.R.S.A is supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG–APQ–05092–23). The supporter was not involved in the study design, data collection, analysis and interpretation, writing of the manuscript, or decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
dc.identifier.citationMatos, Julia Pagotto; Guilherme, Larissa Quintão; Encarnação, Samuel; Leite, Luciano Bernardes; Kravchychyn, Ana Claudia Pelissari; Amorim, Paulo Roberto dos Santos; Souza, Helton de Sá. Healthcare. ISSN 2227-9032. 13:7, p. 1-13
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/healthcare13070812
dc.identifier.issn2227-9032
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/34577
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relation.ispartofHealthcare
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectSleep quality
dc.subjectEndurance athletes
dc.subjectUltra-endurance
dc.subjectRecovery
dc.subjectAthletic performance
dc.titleInfluence of Sleep Quality on Recovery and Performance in Endurance and Ultra-Endurance Runners: Sex Differences Identified Through Hierarchical Clusteringeng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage13
oaire.citation.issue7
oaire.citation.startPage1
oaire.citation.titleHealthcare
oaire.citation.volume13
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameEncarnação
person.familyNameForte
person.givenNameSamuel
person.givenNamePedro
person.identifier.ciencia-id9416-E2F5-E660
person.identifier.ciencia-id351B-B16B-79C7
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-2965-2777
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-0184-6780
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationd38d4c9f-84d5-4562-9482-5322ded17d3d
relation.isAuthorOfPublication3ecc6d1b-07a4-40d7-81f4-df6fd7b3d5b0
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryd38d4c9f-84d5-4562-9482-5322ded17d3d

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