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The loading impact of training and match-play on non-contact muscle injuries in elite male soccer players. A seasonal analysis

2026Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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datacite.subject.fosCiências Sociais::Ciências da Educação
datacite.subject.fosCiências Sociais::Outras Ciências Sociais
datacite.subject.fosCiências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde
datacite.subject.fosCiências Médicas::Outras Ciências Médicas
datacite.subject.sdg03:Saúde de Qualidade
dc.contributor.authorMorgans, Ryland
dc.contributor.authorOliveira, Rafael Franco Soares
dc.contributor.authorMandorino, Mauro
dc.contributor.authorZmijewski, Piotr
dc.contributor.authorRyan, Ben
dc.contributor.authorModric, Toni
dc.contributor.authorTeixeira, José Eduardo
dc.contributor.authorMoreira, Alexandre
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-06T11:07:49Z
dc.date.available2026-02-06T11:07:49Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.description.abstractThis study investigated the relationship between acute and chronic training load metrics and non-contact muscle injuries in elite soccer players employing a novel statistical approach. A retrospective analysis was conducted during the 2020/21 season on 30 senior outfield players from an English Premier League club. Global Positioning System (GPS) technology monitored total distance, high-speed running (HSR) distance (5.5-7 m/s), sprint distance (> 7 m/s), and peak speed during training sessions and matches. A total of 42 injuries were documented, with an incidence of 8.94 injuries per 1000 hours, although only 12 non-contact muscle injuries were included in the analysis that occurred at 2.5 per 1000 hours of exposure. Acute (7-day) and chronic (28-day) training loads were examined, and data preprocessing addressed missing values and multicollinearity. To address class imbalance, the dataset was balanced using the Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique (SMOTE) prior to logistic regression. Four significant predictors were retained: acute HSR (beta =-0.175, p < 0.001), acute sprint distance (beta =-0.613, p < 0.001), acute peak speed (beta = 1.101, p < 0.001), and chronic total distance (beta = 2.234, p < 0.001). The model demonstrated excellent discriminative ability with an AUC-ROC of 0.80. The results showed that higher acute volumes of HSR and sprint distance serve as protective factors against non-contact muscle injuries, whereas an increase in acute peak speed and chronic total distance significantly elevates injury risk. These findings underscore the importance of regular exposure to HSR to enhance injury resilience, while excessive load and peak speed may contribute to neuromuscular fatigue and overload.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipRafael Oliveira is a research member of the Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health and Human Development which was funded by National Funds by FCT \u2013 Foundation for Science and Technology under the following project UI/04045. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results. Funding: Rafael Oliveira is a research member of the Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health and Human Development which was funded by National Funds by FCT \u2013 Foundation for Science and Technology under the following project UI/04045. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
dc.identifier.citationMorgans, Ryland; Oliveira, Rafael Franco Soares; Mandorino, Mauro; Zmijewski, Piotr; Ryan, Ben; Modric, Toni; Teixeira, Jose; Moreira, Alexandre (2026). The loading impact of training and match-play on non-contact muscle injuries in elite male soccer players. A seasonal analysis. Biology of Sport. ISSN 0860-021X. 43:1, p. 107-114
dc.identifier.doi10.5114/biolsport.2026.153305
dc.identifier.issn0860-021X
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/35688
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherInstitute of Sport
dc.relationUI/04045
dc.relation.ispartofBiology of Sport
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.subjectExternal load
dc.subjectFootball
dc.subjectNon-contact muscle injuries
dc.subjectSprinting
dc.subjectHigh-speed running
dc.subjectSoccer
dc.titleThe loading impact of training and match-play on non-contact muscle injuries in elite male soccer players. A seasonal analysiseng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage8
oaire.citation.issue1
oaire.citation.startPage1
oaire.citation.titleBiology of Sport
oaire.citation.volume43
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameTeixeira
person.givenNameJosé Eduardo
person.identifier.ciencia-idD11C-9591-7A8A
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-4612-3623
relation.isAuthorOfPublication79042f92-ce53-4b79-a33f-76ac63c55b8d
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery79042f92-ce53-4b79-a33f-76ac63c55b8d

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