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First exploratory study of gaseous pollutants (NO2, SO2, O3, VOCs and carbonyls) in the Luanda metropolitan area by passive monitoring

2024Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorAlves, Célia
dc.contributor.authorFeliciano, Manuel
dc.contributor.authorGama, Carla
dc.contributor.authorVicente, Estela D.
dc.contributor.authorFurst, Leonardo
dc.contributor.authorLeitão, Anabela
dc.date.accessioned2024-10-18T15:55:13Z
dc.date.available2024-10-18T15:55:13Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.description.abstractAn air quality monitoring campaign for gaseous pollutants using passive sampling techniques was carried out, for the first time, at 25 locations in the metropolitan area of Luanda, Angola, in June 2023. Concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, trimethylbenzenes, SO2 and NO2 were generally higher in locations more impacted by traffic. Benzene, SO2 and NO2 levels did not exceed the World Health Organisation guidelines. Ozone concentrations surpassed those documented for other African regions. Higher O3 formation potential values were recorded at heavy-trafficked roads. The top 5 species with potential for ozone formation were m,pxylene, toluene, formaldehyde, propionaldehyde and butyraldehyde. The Mulenvos landfill presented a distinctive behaviour with a very low toluene/benzene ratio (0.47), while values close to 5 were obtained at traffic sites. The maximum levels of α-pinene, D-limonene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, acrolein, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, benzaldehyde, valeraldehyde, hexaldehyde and crotonaldehyde were recorded at the landfill. The formaldehyde/acetaldehyde ratio ranged from 0.40 at the Mulenvos landfill to 3.0, averaging 1.8, which is a typical value for urban atmospheres. Acetaldehyde/propionaldehyde ratios around 0.4–0.6 were found in locations heavily impacted by traffic, whereas values between 0.7 and 1.2 were observed in green residential areas and in places with more rural characteristics. All hazard quotient (HQ) values were in the range from 1 to 10, indicating moderate risk of developing non-cancer diseases. The exception was the Mulenvos landfill for which a HQ of 11 was obtained (high risk). The cancer risks exceeded the tolerable level of 1 × 10-4, with special concern for the landfill and sites most impacted by traffic. A mean lifetime cancer risk of 9 × 10-4 was obtained. The cancer risk was mainly due to naphthalene, which accounted, on average, for 94.6% of the total.pt_PT
dc.description.sponsorshipThe Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) is acknowledged for the PhD fellowship to L. Furst (SRFH/BD/08461/2020) and the CEEC contracts to C. Gama (2021.00732.CEECIND) and E. Vicente (DOI: 10.54499/2022.00399.CEECIND/CP1720/CT0012). The financial support to CESAM by FCT/MCTES (UIDP/50017/2020 +UIDB/50017/2020 +LA/P/0094/2020), through national funds, is also acknowledged. This work was developed within the project “Air Pollution in an African Megacity: Source Apportionment and Health Implications – APAM” (DOI: 10.54499/2022.04240.PTDC), financially supported by national funds (OE), through FCT/MCTES. The logistical support from Luanda Civil Protection Services (Laurindo Canjo), Ministry of Environment (Rebeca Chingala) and Luanda Provincial Government (Lúcia Duque, Nadine Guimar˜aes and Artur Freitas) is deeply appreciated.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationAlves, Célia A.; Feliciano, Manuel J.S.; Gama, Carla; Vicente, Estela; Furst, Leonardo; Leitão, Anabela (2024). First exploratory study of gaseous pollutants (NO2, SO2, O3, VOCs and carbonyls) in the Luanda metropolitan area by passive monitoring. Environmental Pollution. ISSN 0269-7491. 362, 1-12pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125015pt_PT
dc.identifier.issn0269-7491
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/30451
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherElsevierpt_PT
dc.relationUnderstanding the co-benefits of methane mitigation strategies on climate change and ground-level ozone concentrations
dc.relationHOPE: HousehOld Particulate mattEr: sources, chemical composition and toxicity.
dc.relationCentre for Environmental and Marine Studies
dc.relationCentre for Environmental and Marine Studies
dc.relationCentre for Environmental and Marine Studies
dc.relationAir Pollution in an African Megacity: Source Apportionment and Health Implications
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectLuandapt_PT
dc.subjectAir qualitypt_PT
dc.subjectPassive samplingpt_PT
dc.subjectGaseous pollutantspt_PT
dc.titleFirst exploratory study of gaseous pollutants (NO2, SO2, O3, VOCs and carbonyls) in the Luanda metropolitan area by passive monitoringpt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleUnderstanding the co-benefits of methane mitigation strategies on climate change and ground-level ozone concentrations
oaire.awardTitleHOPE: HousehOld Particulate mattEr: sources, chemical composition and toxicity.
oaire.awardTitleCentre for Environmental and Marine Studies
oaire.awardTitleCentre for Environmental and Marine Studies
oaire.awardTitleCentre for Environmental and Marine Studies
oaire.awardTitleAir Pollution in an African Megacity: Source Apportionment and Health Implications
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/CEEC IND4ed/2021.00732.CEECIND%2FCP1659%2FCT0006/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/CEEC IND5ed/2022.00399.CEECIND%2FCP1720%2FCT0012/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F50017%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F50017%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/LA%2FP%2F0094%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/Concurso de Projetos de I&D em Todos os Domínios Científicos - 2022/2022.04240.PTDC/PT
oaire.citation.endPage12pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage1pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleEnvironmental Pollutionpt_PT
oaire.citation.volume362pt_PT
oaire.fundingStreamCEEC IND4ed
oaire.fundingStreamCEEC IND5ed
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStreamConcurso de Projetos de I&D em Todos os Domínios Científicos - 2022
person.familyNameFeliciano
person.givenNameManuel
person.identifier.ciencia-id2D11-7230-702B
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-3147-4511
person.identifier.scopus-author-id6603358480
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
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project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
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