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From Waste to Sustainable Animal Feed: Incorporation of Olive Oil By-Products into the Diet of Bísaro Breed Pigs

2025Journal article Open access
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datacite.subject.fosCiências Agrárias::Agricultura, Silvicultura e Pescas
datacite.subject.sdg03:Saúde de Qualidade
datacite.subject.sdg15:Proteger a Vida Terrestre
dc.contributor.authorPaié-Ribeiro, Jessica
dc.contributor.authorPinheiro, Victor
dc.contributor.authorGuedes, Cristina
dc.contributor.authorGomes, Maria José
dc.contributor.authorTeixeira, José
dc.contributor.authorTeixeira, Alfredo
dc.contributor.authorOutor-Monteiro, Divanildo
dc.date.accessioned2025-05-30T08:24:22Z
dc.date.available2025-05-30T08:24:22Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstractThe olive oil agro-industry generates large quantities of by-products, such as olive cake (OC), whose sustainable valorisation in animal feed can contribute to the principles of circular economy, waste reduction, and resource efficiency. This study evaluated the effects of incorporating OC into the diets of growing Bísaro pigs, focusing on productive parameters and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD). Two trials were carried out. In the first trial, 25 pigs were fed five diets containing 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% exhausted OC (EOC) for 15 days. The results showed a linear decrease in ATTD with increasing EOC levels (p < 0.001), but the increased feed intake compensated for the reduced digestibility, and growth performance was maintained. The initial and final live weight (LW), average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not affected (p > 0.05). In the second trial, 40 pigs were fed five diets for 82 days: a control diet and four diets incorporating 10% crude OC, 10% two-phase OC, 10% EOC, and 10% EOC with 1% olive oil. No significant differences were observed in final weight, ADG, ADFI, FCR, or the digestibility of DM, OM, CP, CF, and NDF. The results suggest incorporating moderate levels of OC into Bísaro pig diets could be a viable strategy for valorising by-products, reducing agro-industrial waste and increasing sustainability in animal production. In addition, the inclusion of OC had no negative impact on animal performance, highlighting the potential of OC as a sustainable ingredient for animal feed, which aligns with the objectives of the circular economy and sustainable livestock farming practices.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was funded by “BisOlive: Use of olive pomace in the feeding of Bísaro swine. Evaluation of the effect on meat quality” project NORTE-01-0247-FEDER-0722. This work was supported by the projects UIDB/00772/2020 (Doi:10.54499/UIDB/00772/2020), funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT). The authors are grateful for the financial support provided.
dc.identifier.citationPaié-Ribeiro, Jessica; Pinheiro, Victor; Guedes, Cristina; Gomes, Maria José; Teixeira, José; Teixeira, Alfredo; Outor-Monteiro, Divanildo (2025). From Waste to Sustainable Animal Feed: Incorporation of Olive Oil By-Products into the Diet of Bísaro Breed Pigs. Sustainability. ISSN 2071-1050. 17:7, p. 1-22
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/su17073174
dc.identifier.issn2071-1050
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/34519
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relationVeterinary and Animal Science Research Centre
dc.relation.ispartofSustainability
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectOlive by-products
dc.subjectWaste recycling
dc.subjectSustainable farming
dc.subjectAnimal feed
dc.subjectCircular economy
dc.titleFrom Waste to Sustainable Animal Feed: Incorporation of Olive Oil By-Products into the Diet of Bísaro Breed Pigseng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleVeterinary and Animal Science Research Centre
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F00772%2F2020/PT
oaire.citation.endPage22
oaire.citation.issue7
oaire.citation.startPage1
oaire.citation.titleSustainability
oaire.citation.volume17
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameTeixeira
person.givenNameAlfredo
person.identifier958487
person.identifier.ciencia-id2A1A-FF0C-185B
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-4607-4796
person.identifier.ridG-4118-2011
person.identifier.scopus-author-id56195849200
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
relation.isAuthorOfPublication27cc89a2-6661-4d8d-a727-21109c04a74e
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery27cc89a2-6661-4d8d-a727-21109c04a74e
relation.isProjectOfPublicationf4910f6b-8c6d-4416-bdcb-f1c208046de2
relation.isProjectOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryf4910f6b-8c6d-4416-bdcb-f1c208046de2

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