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Extended reality and phobia treatments: a systematic literature review

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datacite.subject.fosEngenharia e Tecnologia
dc.contributor.authorFerreira, Tatiana
dc.contributor.authorBatista, Tatiana
dc.contributor.authorLopes, Tiago
dc.contributor.authorMalheiro, Pedro
dc.contributor.authorVitorino, João
dc.contributor.authorVaz, Roberto
dc.contributor.authorSousa, João
dc.date.accessioned2026-03-17T16:40:06Z
dc.date.available2026-03-17T16:40:06Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstractPhobias significantly impact individuals’ daily lives, requiring effective treatment methods. Traditional therapies such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and in vivo exposure therapy have shown effectiveness but face several limitations that extended reality (XR) technologies can help surpass by offering innovative approaches. This study aims to organize this field of knowledge and investigate new research avenues. A systematic literature review adhering to PRISMA guidelines was conducted to examine high-quality studies published during the last decade in Scopus and Web of Science databases, organizing the results according to the phobia types, therapeutic methodologies, technologies used, participant demographics, and treatment outcomes. It concludes that XR technologies, particularly Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET), are effective in reducing symptoms of various phobias (e.g., acrophobia, arachnophobia, and social phobia). XR provides immersive, controlled, and repeatable environments for exposure therapy, demonstrating efficacy comparable to traditional methods and representing a transformative tool in psychological treatment for phobias. Despite important challenges identified (e.g., high equipment costs and the need for technological proficiency among therapists), XR shows promise in enhancing the future of phobia treatment. Future research should focus on optimizing treatment protocols, improving accessibility, and evaluating long-term efficacy to leverage XR’s potential in mental health therapy fully.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC): CeDRI, UIDB/05757/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/UIDB/05757/2020) and UIDP/05757/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/UIDP/05757/2020); and SusTEC, LA/P/0007/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/LA/P/0007/2020).
dc.identifier.citationFerreira, Tatiana; Batista, Tatiana; Lopes, Tiago; Malheiro, Pedro; Vitorino, João; Vaz, Roberto; Sousa, João (2025). Extended reality and phobia treatments: a systematic literature review. In 16th International Conference on ENTERprise Information Systems, CENTERIS 2024 - 12th International Conference on Project MANagement, ProjMAN 2024 - 14th International Conference on Health and Social Care Information Systems and Technologies, HCist 2024. 256, p. 1064-1072. ISSN 1877-0509. DOI: 10.1016/2025.02.213
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.procs.2025.02.213
dc.identifier.issn1877-0509
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/36110
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relationResearch Centre in Digitalization and Intelligent Robotics
dc.relationAssociate Laboratory for Sustainability and Tecnology in Mountain Regions
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050925005745
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectExtended reality
dc.subjectVirtual reality
dc.subjectAugmented reality
dc.subjectPhobia treatment
dc.subjectVirtual reality exposure therapy
dc.subjectCognitive-behavioral therapy
dc.subjectMental health therapy
dc.titleExtended reality and phobia treatments: a systematic literature reviewpor
dc.typeconference paper
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardNumberUIDB/05757/2020
oaire.awardNumberLA/P/0007/2020
oaire.awardTitleResearch Centre in Digitalization and Intelligent Robotics
oaire.awardTitleAssociate Laboratory for Sustainability and Tecnology in Mountain Regions
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F05757%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/LA%2FP%2F0007%2F2020/PT
oaire.citation.conferenceDate2025
oaire.citation.endPage1072
oaire.citation.startPage1064
oaire.citation.title16th International Conference on ENTERprise Information Systems, CENTERIS 2024 - 12th International Conference on Project MANagement, ProjMAN 2024 - 14th International Conference on Health and Social Care Information Systems and Technologies, HCist 2024
oaire.citation.volume256
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameVaz
person.givenNameRoberto
person.identifier.ciencia-idE318-EEFD-E45E
person.identifier.gsidPnVAOAMAAAAJ&hl
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-0315-5748
person.identifier.ridAFN-0042-2022
person.identifier.scopus-author-id57220402899
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
relation.isAuthorOfPublication8611dd48-5859-4511-b973-c3948701d39e
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery8611dd48-5859-4511-b973-c3948701d39e
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