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Abstract(s)
Lameiros localizados no Parque Natural de Montesinho (PNM), possuem grande valor ambiental, paisagístico e econômico, além de serem uma barreira natural contra incêndios. No entanto, os lameiros estão em processo de regressão de uso devido ao abandono da terra, principalmente por se situarem em zonas com alto declínio demográfico. Com o objetivo de reveter esse quadro, o Projeto HabMonte do ICNF (Instituto da Conservação da Natureza e das Florestas) tem como uma das metas realizar medidas preventivas estruturais à manutenção dessas áreas.
Sobre os efeitos do manejo e as consequências do abandono dos lameiros, na perspectiva botânica e ecológica, existem diversificados estudos. No entanto, do ponto de vista pedológico e hidrológico são ainda mal conhecidos. Diante dessa problemática, o presente estudo se conduziu em pequenas bacias de drenagem do projeto HabMonte, as quais foram segregadas em termos de uso e abandono, bem como a presença ou não de rio próximo aos lameiros.
Para o conhecimento das respostas hidrológicas dessas bacias, foi utilizado o método SCS (Soil Conservation Service) a fim de estimar os caudais de ponta. Para a aplicação do método, foi adotada a metodologia de Temez (1978) para os dados de entrada relacionados ao tempo de concentração, por apresentarem uma situação mais crítica comparado ao método de Giandotti (1953). Constatou-se também, a viabilidade da utilização das curvas IDF de Portugal Continental (PC) (Matos e Silva, 1986) com dados extrapolados através da comparação entre curvas IDF propostas por Brandão (1995) e a curvas IDF construídas partir da estação udométrica de Rio do Onor, para a obtenção dos dados de precipitação total das bacias.
Por meio das estimativas de caudais de ponta, identificou-se diferentes efeitos relacionados ao aumento do caudal entre bacias hidrográficas com rio e uma diminuição entre bacias hidrográficas sem rio, tendo como maior influência a área do lameiro e o número de escoamento obtido. Quatro cenários de mudança global foram simulados a fim de analisar o comportamento hidrológico das bacias, onde nos cenários que estabeleceram-se as mudanças no uso e ocupação do solo dos lameiros, não houve alterações substanciais nos valores médios globais, indicando a falta de sensibilidade do método SCS por não corresponder à essas condições. Para os cenários que compreenderam as mudanças climáticas, verificou-se que houve um aumento considerável no incremento nos caudais de ponta até o final do ano de 2100.
Lameiros located in the Montesinho Natural Park (PNM) have great environmental, landscape and economic value, besides being a natural barrier against fires. However, the lameiros are in a process of regression of use due to the abandonment of the land, mainly because they are located in areas with high population decline. One of the goals of the HabMonte Project of the ICNF (Institute for the Conservation of Nature and Forests) is to carry out structural preventive measures to maintain areas of these lameiros. From the botanical and ecological point of view there are several studies about the effects of management and the consequences of abandoning lameiros. However, from the pedological and hydrological point of view they are still poorly known. Faced with this problem, the present study was conducted in small drainage basins of the HabMonte project, which were segregated in terms of use and abandonment, as well as the presence or not of a river near the lameiros. In order to know the hydrological responses of these basins, the SCS (Soil Conservation Service) method was used to estimate the peak flow rates. For the application of the method, the Temez methodology (1978) was adopted for the input data related to concentration time, as they presented a more critical situation compared to the Giandotti method (1953). To obtain total basin precipitation data, the feasibility of using IDF curves for Continental Portugal (PC) (Matos e Silva, 1986) with data extrapolated by comparing IDF curves proposed by Brandão (1995) with IDF curves built from the Rio do Onor udometric station was also verified. By means of peak flow estimates, different effects related to an increase in flow between river basins and a decrease between river basins without a river have been identified, with the greatest influence being on the area of the lameiros and the number of runoff obtained. Four scenarios of global change were simulated in order to analyse the hydrological behavior of the basins, where in the scenarios that established the changes in the use and land cover of the lameiros, there were no substantial changes in the global average values, indicating the lack of sensitivity of the SCS method as it did not correspond to these conditions. For the scenarios that included climate change, there was a considerable increase in peak flow rates until the end of the century.
Lameiros located in the Montesinho Natural Park (PNM) have great environmental, landscape and economic value, besides being a natural barrier against fires. However, the lameiros are in a process of regression of use due to the abandonment of the land, mainly because they are located in areas with high population decline. One of the goals of the HabMonte Project of the ICNF (Institute for the Conservation of Nature and Forests) is to carry out structural preventive measures to maintain areas of these lameiros. From the botanical and ecological point of view there are several studies about the effects of management and the consequences of abandoning lameiros. However, from the pedological and hydrological point of view they are still poorly known. Faced with this problem, the present study was conducted in small drainage basins of the HabMonte project, which were segregated in terms of use and abandonment, as well as the presence or not of a river near the lameiros. In order to know the hydrological responses of these basins, the SCS (Soil Conservation Service) method was used to estimate the peak flow rates. For the application of the method, the Temez methodology (1978) was adopted for the input data related to concentration time, as they presented a more critical situation compared to the Giandotti method (1953). To obtain total basin precipitation data, the feasibility of using IDF curves for Continental Portugal (PC) (Matos e Silva, 1986) with data extrapolated by comparing IDF curves proposed by Brandão (1995) with IDF curves built from the Rio do Onor udometric station was also verified. By means of peak flow estimates, different effects related to an increase in flow between river basins and a decrease between river basins without a river have been identified, with the greatest influence being on the area of the lameiros and the number of runoff obtained. Four scenarios of global change were simulated in order to analyse the hydrological behavior of the basins, where in the scenarios that established the changes in the use and land cover of the lameiros, there were no substantial changes in the global average values, indicating the lack of sensitivity of the SCS method as it did not correspond to these conditions. For the scenarios that included climate change, there was a considerable increase in peak flow rates until the end of the century.
Description
Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a UTFPR - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
Keywords
PNM Bacia hidrográfica Resposta hidrológica Tempo de concentração Uso e abandono Uso e ocupação do solo