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Abstract(s)
Devido à grande importância do betão e do betão armado na construção civil, o mercado e a indústria tiveram a necessidade técnica e económica, de desenvolver e aprimorar técnicas e ensaios para caracterização do mesmo. Os tipos de ensaios podem ser divididos entre os destrutivos, que geram danos que inutilizam completamente ou parcialmente a peça ou o elemento objeto de estudo, os não destrutivos, que não geram danos, ou geram danos insignificantes que podem ser reparados após os ensaios, e os parcialmente destrutivos, que consistem em retirar uma pequena amostra de uma estrutura existente, para realizar ensaios laboratoriais, sem comprometê-la e posteriormente repará-la. Grande parte dos ensaios destrutivos é conduzida utilizando provetes recolhidos durante a betonagem, o que inviabiliza a sua utilização no caso de inspeções e diagnóstico em estruturas de betão já existentes. Os ensaios não destrutivos, realizados “in situ”, surgem então como importante opção para atestar e certificar a qualidade e especificações dos materiais. O ensaio do ultrassom foi um dos métodos não destrutivos que teve muita evolução e ganhou espaço no mercado nos últimos anos. O presente estudo pretende, com o auxílio de um equipamento ultrassónico atual do tipo scanner, avaliar a precisão e as capacidades com vista à caracterização mecânica de elementos em betão e betão armado. De entre as caracterizações pretende-se estimar o módulo de elasticidade e a resistência à compressão, avaliar a uniformidade das peças, bem como identificar armaduras.
Due to the great importance of concrete and reinforced concrete in construction, the market and industry had the technical and economic need to develop and improve techniques and tests for its characterization. The types of tests can be divided between destructive, which totally or partially destroys the element under study, non-destructive, which do not generate damage, or generate insignificant damage to be repaired after testing, or minor destructive, which consist in remove a small sample from an existing structure, to perform laboratory tests, without compromise the structure integrity and then repair the damage. Much of the testing in the construction industry is usually done with specimens collected during concreting, consequently, these methods are impracticable in case of inspections and diagnosis an existing concrete structure. Non-destructive testing, performed “in situ”, come as an important option to certify and ensure the quality and specifications of materials. The ultrasonic method was one of the non-destructive testing that has developed the more and gained market share in recent years. With the use of a modern ultrasonic equipment scanner type, this study aims to verify the accuracy and capabilities of this method in order to perform the mechanical characterization of concrete and reinforced concrete elements. Among the characterizations it is intended to estimate the modulus of elasticity and the compressive strength, to evaluate the uniformity in concrete elements and to identify reinforcement bars.
Due to the great importance of concrete and reinforced concrete in construction, the market and industry had the technical and economic need to develop and improve techniques and tests for its characterization. The types of tests can be divided between destructive, which totally or partially destroys the element under study, non-destructive, which do not generate damage, or generate insignificant damage to be repaired after testing, or minor destructive, which consist in remove a small sample from an existing structure, to perform laboratory tests, without compromise the structure integrity and then repair the damage. Much of the testing in the construction industry is usually done with specimens collected during concreting, consequently, these methods are impracticable in case of inspections and diagnosis an existing concrete structure. Non-destructive testing, performed “in situ”, come as an important option to certify and ensure the quality and specifications of materials. The ultrasonic method was one of the non-destructive testing that has developed the more and gained market share in recent years. With the use of a modern ultrasonic equipment scanner type, this study aims to verify the accuracy and capabilities of this method in order to perform the mechanical characterization of concrete and reinforced concrete elements. Among the characterizations it is intended to estimate the modulus of elasticity and the compressive strength, to evaluate the uniformity in concrete elements and to identify reinforcement bars.
Description
Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a UNIFACS - Universidade Salvador
Keywords
Betão Betão armado Ultrassom Ensaio não destrutivo