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Abstract(s)
A presença de oliveiras nos países mediterrânicos acontece desde os primórdios da civilização, apresentando um papel muito importante do ponto de vista paisagístico, genético, cultural e econômico. Em Portugal, a região de Trás-os-Montes, localizada a norte do país, é caracterizada por parcelas oleícolas, que se desenvolvem maioritariamente em áreas pequenas, sendo que muitos olivais se caracterizam por serem tradicionais e em regime de sequeiro com uma predominância de algumas cultivares minoritárias e de dispersão localizada. A Santulhana, uma cultivar minoritária da “Terra Fria Transmontana”, possui alta expressividade nos concelhos de Bragança e Vimioso. Contudo, o conhecimento acerca do seu comportamento e composição química de seus azeites é escasso. O objetivo desse trabalho foi contribuir para o conhecimento desta cultivar acerca da fenologia, suscetibilidade a pragas e estudo da composição dos azeites monovarietais da cv. Santulhana após 3 e 12 meses da extração. Foi feito o acompanhamento de 3 olivais da região onde foi registrado a evolução dos estádios fenológicos e o acompanhamento da curva de voo da traça-da-oliveira (Prays oleae Bern.) e mosca-da-azeitona (Bactrocera oleae Rossi). Em relação a fenologia foi possível indicar o início dos estádios mais importantes para a determinação da produção como período de floração (30 de maio), formação de frutos (2 de junho) e lignificação do endocarpo (18 de julho). Já o estudo das pragas possibilitou relacionar a maior densidade populacional destes quanto ao estádio fenológico das oliveiras. Quanto aos azeites procedeu-se a avaliação dos parâmetros de qualidade, resistência a oxidação, atividade antioxidante e a análise sensorial descritiva. No que respeita aos parâmetros de qualidade, os azeites apresentaram baixos teores de acidez (0,2 a 0,3%), um índice de peróxido médio entre 3 a 6 mEqO2/kg de azeite, K232 entre 1,75 e 2,25, já K268 entre 0,13 e 0,19. Em relação à estabilidade oxidativa, esta permaneceu entre os intervalos de 10 a 12 horas estimadas, os teores de fenóis entre 300 e 400 mg de ácido gálico/kg de azeite e a inibição do radical livre 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH) entre 40 e 50%. Sensorialmente, após passados os 12 meses de extração os azeites evoluíram da predominância de um frutado verde para frutado maduro com notas intensas de frutos secos, maçã e tomate características do “terroir” transmontano.
Olive trees have been present in Mediterranean countries since the dawn of civilization, playing a very important role from a landscape, genetic, cultural and economic point of view. In Portugal, the Trás-os-Montes region, located in the north of the country, is characterized by olive-growing plots, which are developed mainly in small areas, and many olive groves are characterized by being traditional and in a rainfed regime with a predominance of some minority and localized dispersal cultivares. Santulhana, a minority cultivar from “Terra Fria Transmontana”, is highly expressive in the municipalities of Bragança and Vimioso. However, knowledge about its behavior and chemistry composition of their oil is scarce. The objective of this work was to contribute to the knowledge of this cultivar regarding its phenology, susceptibility to pests and the study of the composition of monovarietal oils from cv. Santulhana after 3 and 12 months of extraction. Monitoring was carried out in 3 olive groves in the region where the evolution of the phenological stages was recorded and the flight curve of the olive moth (Prays oleae Bern.) and the olive fly (Bactrocera oleae Rossi) was monitored. Regarding phenology, it was possible to indicate the beginning of the most important stages for determining production, such as the flowering period (May 30), fruit formation (June 2) and endocarp lignification (July 18). The study of pests made it possible to relate their higher population density to the phenological stage of the olive trees. As for the olive oils, the parameters of quality, resistance to oxidation, antioxidant activity and descriptive sensory analysis were evaluated. With regard to quality parameters, the oils had low levels of acidity (0.2 to 0.3%), an average peroxide value between 3 and 6 mEqO2/kg of olive oil, K232 between 1.75 and 2.25, already K268 between 0.13 and 0.19. Regarding oxidative stability, it remained between the estimated intervals of 10 to 12 hours, phenol contents between 300 and 400 mg of gallic acid/kg of olive oil and 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH) free radical inhibition between 40 and 50%. Sensorially, after 12 months of extraction, the oils evolved from a predominance of green fruitiness to a ripe fruity flavor with intense notes of dried fruit, apple and tomato, characteristic of the “terroir” of Trás-os-Montes region.
Olive trees have been present in Mediterranean countries since the dawn of civilization, playing a very important role from a landscape, genetic, cultural and economic point of view. In Portugal, the Trás-os-Montes region, located in the north of the country, is characterized by olive-growing plots, which are developed mainly in small areas, and many olive groves are characterized by being traditional and in a rainfed regime with a predominance of some minority and localized dispersal cultivares. Santulhana, a minority cultivar from “Terra Fria Transmontana”, is highly expressive in the municipalities of Bragança and Vimioso. However, knowledge about its behavior and chemistry composition of their oil is scarce. The objective of this work was to contribute to the knowledge of this cultivar regarding its phenology, susceptibility to pests and the study of the composition of monovarietal oils from cv. Santulhana after 3 and 12 months of extraction. Monitoring was carried out in 3 olive groves in the region where the evolution of the phenological stages was recorded and the flight curve of the olive moth (Prays oleae Bern.) and the olive fly (Bactrocera oleae Rossi) was monitored. Regarding phenology, it was possible to indicate the beginning of the most important stages for determining production, such as the flowering period (May 30), fruit formation (June 2) and endocarp lignification (July 18). The study of pests made it possible to relate their higher population density to the phenological stage of the olive trees. As for the olive oils, the parameters of quality, resistance to oxidation, antioxidant activity and descriptive sensory analysis were evaluated. With regard to quality parameters, the oils had low levels of acidity (0.2 to 0.3%), an average peroxide value between 3 and 6 mEqO2/kg of olive oil, K232 between 1.75 and 2.25, already K268 between 0.13 and 0.19. Regarding oxidative stability, it remained between the estimated intervals of 10 to 12 hours, phenol contents between 300 and 400 mg of gallic acid/kg of olive oil and 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH) free radical inhibition between 40 and 50%. Sensorially, after 12 months of extraction, the oils evolved from a predominance of green fruitiness to a ripe fruity flavor with intense notes of dried fruit, apple and tomato, characteristic of the “terroir” of Trás-os-Montes region.
Description
Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a UTFPR, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
Keywords
Caracterização Azeite monovarietal Composição Fenologia Pragas chaves